北语《口译》导学资料三

奥鹏网院作业

北语18春口译导学资料三

一、        课程介绍
介绍性口译（英译汉、汉译英）、说服性口译（英译汉、汉译英）、学术性口译（英译汉、汉译英）

二、课程学习方法
1．完成书上的词汇预习部分，这部分是口译的“热身”，同学们最好利用权威的工具书先把词汇部分翻译出来，如果直接在原文中找，时间是节省了，可是你也失去了自己动手动脑的机会，往往看了答案，第二天就忘记了。记住一句话：No pains, no gains. 轻易得来的东西，也很容易失去。
2．拿出课文的配套录音，边听，边在准备好的白纸上记笔记。大约每听完两句话按一下pause。先不要直接做口译，而是看着笔记并根据大脑的短期记忆，复述一遍原文，建议同学们用录音装置，录下自己复述的内容。
3. 复述完成后，立刻开始口译，译为目标语，建议同学们录音。录音的最大好处就是让同学们发现不足，比如说自己平时有口头禅的，不录音是发现不了的。同时，录音还可以告诉自己口译用了多少时间，一般来说，两句话的口译时间不要超过30秒，按照口译二阶段考试的停顿时间严格要求自己，考试的时候你才不会觉得时间不够用，一定要对自己狠一点。
4.播放刚才自己复述的录音，和原文做比较。如果你发觉自己的复述遗漏较多，请尝试重做一遍。
5. 边听自己口译的录音，边核对课文中给出的参考答案，看看信息的再现度有没有70%以上。如果没有达到这一水平，请做记号，方便再次练习。对于自己口译时碰见的难点，可以再想想有没有一些化繁为简的办法。书上给出的译本往往太过书面化，记住口译最基本的技巧就是解释，事实上一些貌似复杂的表达也可以用我们掌握的4000个最基本的英文单词来口译。
6.  一单元练习完成后，对照每单元后面的句子精练，巩固本单元所学的内容。句子精练中所选出的句子，就是这一单元的精华，请同学们务必要熟练地口译这些句子。

三、常用词汇句型
介绍性口译
范文：
中国美术馆是以收藏、研究、展示中国近现代至当代艺术家作品为重点的国家造型艺术博物馆，1958年开始兴建，1963年由毛泽东主席题写“中国美术馆”馆额并正式开放，是新中国成立以后的国家文化标志性建筑。主体大楼为仿古阁楼式，黄色琉璃瓦大屋顶，四周廊榭围绕，具有鲜明的民族建筑风格。主楼建筑面积18000多平方米 ，一至五层楼共有17个展览厅，展览总面积8300平方米；1995年新建现代化藏品库，面积4100平方米。
　　中国美术馆现收藏各类美术作品10万余件，以19世纪末至今中国艺术名家和各时期代表作品为主，构成中国现代以来的美术发展序列，兼有部分古代书画和外国艺术作品，同时也包括丰富的民间美术作品。藏品中有任伯年、吴昌硕、黄宾虹、齐白石、徐悲鸿、刘海粟、蒋兆和、司徒乔、李可染、吴作人、叶浅予、董希文、罗工柳、吴冠中等艺术大家的作品； 1999年，德国收藏家路德维希夫妇捐赠外国美术作品117件，包括4幅毕加索的油画。
　　中国美术馆的事业蓬勃发展，得益于政府支持及文化部的直接领导，政府设立了专项收藏资金，为美术馆收藏艺术珍品奠定了良好基础，而一些艺术家、收藏家出自社会使命感和把艺术奉献大众的信念，向国家无私捐献，为中国美术馆藏品提供了更为丰富的资源。近年来，中国美术馆陆续接受了艺术家或家属捐赠的李平凡、刘迅、张仃、华君武、赵望云、唐一禾、滑田友、文楼、吴作人、靳尚谊、吴冠中、力群、秦宣夫等艺术家作品，馆藏品与日俱增。
　　建馆以来，中国美术馆已举办数千场具有影响的各类美术展览，反映了中国美术繁荣发展的态势，也成为中国与国际艺术交流的重要平台，每年观众达百万余人次。近年由我馆自主策划实施的大型展览有：“群珍荟萃——全国十大美术馆藏精品展”、“从延安走来——纪念毛泽东同志《讲话》发表70周年美术作品展”、“百年风云·壮志丹青——纪念辛亥革命100周年美术作品展”、“光辉历程·时代画卷 ——庆祝中国共产党成立九十周年美术作品大展”、“中国美术馆捐赠50年”、“国际新媒体艺术大展”等展览；在举办具有影响力的全国性展览外，影响较大的国际展览有：“从提香到戈雅——普拉多博物馆藏艺术珍品展”、“意大利艺术·意大利生活”、“美国艺术三百年：适应与革新”、“俄罗斯艺术300年——国立特列恰科夫美术博物馆珍品展”、“法国印象派绘画珍品展”、“仲夏法兰西——北京”、“奥地利国家博物馆藏品展”等展览都产生了广泛的社会影响。
　　中国美术馆是向大众普及美育的重要艺术殿堂，为了更好地提供公共文化服务，中国美术馆在全国美术馆界较早组建专门职能的公共教育部，并长期吸收实习生和组织志愿者参与工作；拓展公共教育，创新服务形式，营造美术馆文化家园。近年来，通过举办各类公共教育活动，直接服务观众近百万人次。此外顺应信息技术的发展，中国美术馆也注重通过网站及“数字美术馆”项目建设延展公众服务内容和手段，在近9年的建设中，网站3次改版，建成10多个美术数据库，日益成为广大公众欣赏美术作品、参观美术展览、了解美术资讯、学习美术知识的美术信息发布、检索与共享平台。
　　2002年5月，中国美术馆开始对主楼实施改造装修工程，2003年5月竣工，展厅设施、灯光照明、楼宇自控、恒温恒湿、消防报警、安全监控系统都达到了国内领先水平。为适应国家文化建设发展的要求，中国美术馆的新馆建设得到政府的高度重视，目前，已完成建筑设计的国际招投，进入设计方案的深化优化，各项筹备工作正在积极推进。
　　中国美术馆现任馆长吴为山，馆党委书记张士军，副馆长谢小凡、安远远、张晴。
The National Art Museum of China (NAMOC) is a national art museum of plastic arts dedicated to collection, research and exhibitions of modern and contemporary artistic works in China. Starting to be built in 1958, NAMOC, with its title board inscribed by Chairman Mao Zedong, was formally open to the public in 1963. NAMOC is a national cultural landmark after foundation of New China. The main building, roofed with yellow glazed tiles and surrounded by corridors and pavilions, features the styles of ancient Chinese attics and traditional architecture. The building, with 17 exhibition halls in its 5 stories, covers an area of more than 18,000 square meters. The museum boasts an exhibition area of 8,300 square meters. A modern collection storeroom founded in 1995 covers an area of 4,100 square meters.
The museum houses more than 100,000 pieces of various collections, most of which are representative works of different periods and great artworks of Chinese art masters from the end of the 19th century till today, constituting art development history since the beginning of modern China. Collections also include some ancient paintings and calligraphy works, foreign artistic works as well as plentiful folk art works. The museum collects works of many great artists such as Ren Bonian, Wu Changshuo, Huang Binhong, Qi Baishi, Xu Beihong, Liu Haisu, Jiang Zhaohe, Situ Qiao, Li Keran, Wu Zuoren, Ye Qianyu, Dong Xiwen, Luo Gongliu and Wu Guanzhong. The museum also collects hundreds of foreign artistic works. German collectors Mr. and Mrs. Peter Ludwig donated 117 pieces of foreign works to NAMOC in 1999, including 4 oil paintings of Picasso.
The robust development of NAMOC benefits greatly from the support of the central government and the direct leadership of Ministry of Culture. The government established a special collection fund, which laid a solid foundation for the museum's collection of art treasure. Quite a few collectors and artists donated their collections to the State out of their social responsibility and strong belief in “art serving the people”, which contributes to rich collections of NAMOC. In recent years, the museum has constantly accepted donations from artists or their family members, including Li Pingfan, Liu Xun, Zhang Ding, Hua Junwu, Zao Wangyun, Tang Yihe, Hua Tianyou, Wen Lou, Wu Zuoren, Jin Shangyi, Wu Guanzhong, Li Qun and Qin Xuanfu.
Since its establishment, the museum has held thousands of various influential exhibitions, which not only reflect development and prosperity of Chinese art but also provide an important platform of artistic exchange between China and the world. The museum attracts over one million visitors each year. Large exhibitions，curated and organized independently by NAMOC, include “Selected Masterpieces from Ten Art Museums in China”, “Walking from Yan’an-Art Exhibition to Commemorate the 70th Anniversary of the Publishing of Comrade Mao Zedong’s Talks at the Yan'an Forum on Art and Literature”, “Century Development? Inspiring Painting -Arts Painting Exhibition for Centennial Anniversary of the Revolution of 1911”, “Glory Course ? Age Scene —Art Works to Celebrate the 90th Anniversary of the Foundation of CPC”, “Donations from the National Art Museum of China in the Past Five Decades”, “International New Media Art Exhibition” and so on. Apart from influential nation-wide exhibitions, influential international exhibitions are as follows: “From Titian To Goya— Great Masters of the Museo de Prado”, “Italian art—Italian life ”,“Art in America 300 Years–Adaptation and Innovation”, “300 Years of Russian Arts—National Terichekov Fine Arts Museum Masterpieces Exhibition”, “French Impressionism Masterpieces Exhibition”, “Midsummer France—Beijing”, "Collection Exhibition of Austrian National Museum" and so on . All these exhibitions have great impact on the society.
The museum has established itself as an important shrine of art， bringing aesthetic education to the people. In order to provide better cultural service for the public, NAMOC was the first museum in China to establish Public Education Department and to organize interns and volunteers to participate in public cultural education. Moreover, the museum enhances public education programs, innovates service and develops NAMOC into a cultural homeland. In recent years, through organizing various kinds of public education activities, the museum has directly served nearly one million visitors. In addition, to keep up with development of information technology, NAMOC focuses on expanding public service contents and means through its website and “digital museum” project. Over the past 9 years, the museum has upgraded its official website for 3 times and set up over 10 art databases, which have increasingly become a platform of releasing, searching and sharing art information, with which the public can appreciate artistic works, visit art exhibition, get to know art news and learn art knowledge.
In May 2002, the museum began to restore its main building. A variety of facilities have achieved the national top level after it was completed in May 2003, including exhibition hall facilities, lighting and illumination, building-automation, constant temperature and humidity control, fire control & alarm and security control system. To meet requirements of national cultural development, the construction of the new venue of NAMOC has received high attention from the government. At present, the international bidding for architectural design has finished and the design proposal is now being refined and optimized. All preparatory works are also underway.
NAMOC’s incumbent Director is Wu Weishan. Secretary of Party Committee is Zhang Shijun. Deputy Directors Xie Xiaofan, An Yuanyuan,Zhang Qing.






说明性口译
职位描述
1.        Responsible for overall work of production line. Organize and supervise workers to carry out production task.负责生产线的全面工作.组织并督促生产人员全面完成生产任务.
2.        Assign production task according to company target, carry out the position responsibility and working standard. Enhance the contact of each workshop for work coordination. 根据公司目标下达生产任务, 贯彻落实岗位责任制和工作标准.加强各部门的工作联系和协作生产
3.        Check and complement each production related regulations, and supervise the execution accordingly.检查并适时补充生产相关各项管理制度,并监督执行情况.
4.        Reinforce production coordination, follow up production progress, make adjustment timely.强化生产调度管理, 跟踪生产情况, 根据需要及时作出调整,
5. Lead and coordinate team members to solve problems of incoming material, in process, personnel, environment, safety and so on.带领和协调相关人员分析、解决生产中发生的来料、制程、人员、环境、安全等异常事件。
6. Lead and cooperate production field, improve process, productivity and quality pass rate, reduce line stock and material wastage.主导和配合生产现场, 改善流程，提升生产效率、直通率，降低在线库存、物料损耗。
7. Supervise production operation based on regulations, organize workers to take part in safe production training, instruct production foreman to scout field and 5S implement.监督生产操作符合安全规范，组织人员参加安全培训，责成生产领班巡视现场5S执行情况。
8. Responsible for review of various production report, application form and material consulting list, analyze and measure off the adscription of failure.负责审核各项生产管理报表、领退料单据，会签物料征询单，分析和划分失败工时归属。



学术性口译
The basic feature of Chinese architecture is rectangular units of space joined together into a whole. Temples in ancient Greece also employed rectangular spaces，but the overall effect had austere tendencies. By contrast, the Chinese style combines rectangular shapes varying in size and position according to importance into an organic whole with each level and component clearly distinguished. As a result，traditional Chinese style buildings have an imposing yet dynamic exterior.
　　中国建筑的基本特征是将矩形空间单位连成一个整体。古希腊的庙宇也采用了矩形空间，但是整体效果倾向于朴素。与此相反，中式建筑则根据各种大小和位置的矩形体的重要性将其连成一个整体，同时每一层和每个组成部分都明显地得到突出。这使得中式建筑物威严且不失活力。
　　Traditional Architecture
　　传统建筑
　　Ancient Chinese architecture enjoys a long history and great achievements, and created many architectural miracles such as the Great Wall. In the process of its development, superior architectural techniques and artistic design were combined to make unique Chinese architecture one of the three greatest architectural systems.
　　中国的古代建筑拥有悠久的历史，取得过巨大的成就，它创造出长城等许多建筑奇迹。在它的发展过程中将出色的建筑技巧和艺术设计结合在一起，从而使独特的中国建筑成为最杰出三大建筑体系之一。
　　The combinations of units of space in traditional Chinese architecture follow the principles of balance and symmetry. The main structure is the axis, and the secondary structures are positioned as two wings on each side to form the main rooms and yard. Residences，official buildings，temples，and palaces all follow these basic principles. The distribution of interior space reflects Chinese social and ethical values. For instance，in traditional residential buildings, members of a family are assigned living quarters based on the family hierarchy. The master of the house occupies the main room， and the elder members of the master's family live in the compound in the back. The younger members of the family live in the wings to the left and right; those with seniority on the left and the others on the right.
　　传统中国建筑在将空间单位联成一体时遵循的是平衡与对称的原则。主结构就是轴线，而次要结构则置于每一面的两翼，从而构成主屋和院子。住宅、官方建筑、寺院以及宫殿都遵循这些基本原则。内部空间的分配反映出中国的社会观和伦理观。例如在传统的住宅建筑中，一个家庭根据等级向其成员分配住房。一家之主住在主屋中，而这家的长辈则居住在后面建筑中。这个家的年轻成员则居住在左右两翼;资历较高的居住左侧，而其他人则住在右侧。
　　Another characteristic of traditional Chinese architecture is its use of a wooden structural frame with pillars，beams, and earthen walls surrounding the building on three sides. The main door and windows are in front. Chinese have used wood as a main construction material for thousands of years; wood to the Chinese represents life, and "life" is the main idea that Chinese culture strives to communicate. This feature has been preserved up to the present.
　　传统中国建筑的另一个特点就是它使用了木结构框架和桂子、梁以及三面环绕建筑物的土墙。正门和窗户位于前面。几千年来，中国人将木头作为主要的建筑材料;木头对中国人来说代表着生命，而“生命”是中国文化力图传递的主要思想，这一特点一直沿用至今。
　　Based on the structure of the wooden beams and pillars，traditional Chinese rectangular buildings are divided into several rooms. In order to cover the structure with an over-hanging roof, the Chinese invented a special type of support bracket, called which both supports the attractive ornamentation.
　　通过木梁和木柱的结构，中国传统的矩形建筑物被分割为数间房间。为了对结构使用高悬的房顶，中国人发明出一种被称之为斗拱的特殊支架，它既对结构起到支撑作用也是极富吸引力的装饰。
　　Roofs usually slope down on both sides in a simple fashion. However, many traditional Chinese buildings have curved eaves. The characteristic curve of Chinese roofs is symbolic of the spirit of Chinese culture. While the building itself is relatively plain and straight forward，the ridge and eaves of the roof introduce a more intricate aspect in the form of upward-curving eaves. This is analogous to the Chinese national character which is by nature plain and straightforward but full of vitality.
　　房顶通常两边都以简单的方式向下倾斜。但是许多传统的中国建筑都有曲檐。中国房顶上具有特点的弧线象征着中国文化的精神。虽然建筑物本身比较朴素、简单，但是屋脊和屋檐却以向上弯曲的屋檐形式告诉我们更为复杂的一面。这与中国的国民性是一致的，即本质上很朴素、坦率但却充满活力。
　　Three special architectural features resulted from the use of wood material. The first is that the depth and breadth of interior space is determined by the wooden structural frame. The second is the development of the technique of applying color lacquers to the structure to preserve the wood. These lacquers were made in brilliant，bold colors，and became one of the key identifying features of traditional Chinese architecture. Third is the technique of building a structure on a platform，to prevent damage from moisture. The height of the platform corresponds to the importance of the building. A high platform adds strength，sophistication，and stateliness to large buildings.
　　通过使用木料产生了三个特殊的建筑特征。第一就是内部空间的深度与宽度取决于木质结构框架。第二则是发展出在结构上使用彩色漆的技巧，这可以保护木料。这些漆使用了耀眼、醒目的色彩，而且成为中国传统建筑的本质特征之一。第三点就是在平台上建造建筑物的技巧，这避免了潮气所产生的危害。平台的高度与建筑物的重要程度相对应。大型平台使大型建筑物更加富有力量、更加精密、更加庄严。
　　Timber framework decides that colour is the main ornament used on ancient Chinese architecture. In the beginning，paint was used on wood for antisepsis while later painting became an architectural ornament. In the feudal society，the use of colour was restricted according to strict social status classification. Since yellow was deemed noblest colour and green the second，they were often applied on palace painting，which was called Hexicaihua (a kind of Chinese colour painting)in Chinese. The sundry color murals found on a traditional Chinese building range from outlines of dragons and phoenixes to depictions of myths to paintings of landscapes，flowers, and birds. Clearly these color murals have both symbolic and aesthetic significance. One notable architectural development in southern China，particularly in Taiwan，is fine wood sculpture. Such sculptures coupled with murals give the structure an elegant and florid effect under the background of white granite basement.
　　木质框架决定了色彩是中国古代建筑的主要装饰。起初，油漆涂在木料上是为了防腐，而之后油漆便成了一种建筑装饰。在封建社会中，根据严格的社会等级划分而限制了色彩的使用。由于黄色被视为最高贵的颜色而绿色次之，因此它们经常用于宫殿，这被汉语称作和玺彩画(一种中国彩画)。在传统中国建筑上可以找到各式各样的彩色壁画，这其中有龙、凤的轮廓，有对神话的叙述，也有风景、花卉、鸟类的画作。很明显，这些彩色壁画具有象征和审美意义。中国南方的一个突出的建筑发展就是精美的木雕，这在台湾尤为突出。这些木雕加上壁画以后，使结构在花岗岩底座的背景下产生了高雅、华丽的效果。
　　Modern Architecture
　　现代建筑
　　As with many other elements of the Chinese culture，tradition has been interwoven with modern technology. Although many traditional buildings still exist，almost all new buildings are built in Western style. it's not uncommon to see skyscrapers in a large city of China. Traditional houses，however, are still exquisitely built.
　　和中国文化中其他许多要素一样，传统是和现代技术交织在一起的。虽然许多传统建筑物依然存在，但是几乎所有的新式建筑都是西式建筑。摩天大楼在中国的大城市中并不罕见。但是传统的房屋依然修建得十分精美。