北语18春《大学英语(三)》第一阶段辅导文章一阅读理解

北语18春《大学英语三》第一阶段辅导文章——阅读理解
Reading comprehension:答案请在论坛提交。
Directions: The passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice.
America is in no immediate danger of “running out of water”. People in the West have been aware that water is a precious commodity and must be conserved. In the damp East, an excess of water led to complacency until two factors created concern over our water supply. First, the periods of drought from the 1961 to 1966 in the Northeast affected crop production and used up the surface and ground water supplies. Second, attention was called to rapid increases in the rates of pollution of these waters resulting from increased urban and industrial growth. As a result, there is an increasing awareness of the need for conserving the quantity and quality of our nation's water supplies.
Water is a renewable resource, but it is not exhaustible. When used for municipal, industrial, or agricultural purposes, it is not destroyed, but generally finds its way back into our water supply. This used water now carries some waste materials. These dirty waters are often dumped into large bodies of water or are disposed of on land. In the latter instance, evaporation concentrates some of the wastes on the soil surface. On the other hand, water moving through the soil will eventually carry some of the wastes down into the ground water supplies, Eventually, all water evaporates and later returns to the earth as rain or snow in a relatively purer state.
Through this never-ending cycle, there is just as much water in this country now as there ever was. The amount, however, does not increase. Our rapid population growth and our agricultural and industrial expansion have caused our water needs to soar. By withdrawing water from streams too quickly, we have in some instances upset the balance of nature's built-in renewal processes for conserving water. As a result, some of our streams and lakes have become “wet deserts.” There is still plenty of water in them, but its water is so polluted that it supports almost no life at all.
　　1. The passage is mainly about_____.
　　A. water resources of the United States
　　B. the renewal processes of water in mature
　　C. the importance of water conservation
　　D. water pollution in America
　　2. The word “drought” in the sentence “First, the periods of drought——ground water supplies.” Most probably means_____.
　　A. catastrophe of too much rain
　　B. danger of running out of water
　　C. calamity dry weather
　　D. damage caused by typhoon
　　3. Water is relatively purer in_____.
　　A. fast moving streams and rivers
　　B. underground water supplies
　　C. mountainous areas
　　D. rain and snow
　　4. When the author says that lakes have become “wet deserts”, _____.
　　A. he is being angry
　　B. he is being optimistic
　　C. he is being sad
　　D. he is being humorous
　　5. It is implied in the passage that______
　　A. water can be polluted by deserts
　　B. there are many water conservation programs in America
　　C. water keeps evaporating from the earth's surface
　　D. water is not polluted by waster materials
　
英语三级阅读理解解题技巧资料：解题技巧及方法
　　（一）阅读方法
　　1．根据上下文，猜测词义
　　在做阅读题时，考生不可能知道所有词汇的意义，不可避免会遇到不认识的词汇或固定短语。只要生词不多，考生通过提高自己的猜词能力，同样可以理解一个句子、一个段落，乃至一篇文章的含义。
　　（1） 考生通过构词法猜测词义
　　1） 派生法
　　有些单词是由前缀或后缀加上词根构成。
　　如：in+correct=incorrect
　　use+ful=useful
　　2）合成法
　　有些单词是由两个单词合成的。
　　如：green+house=greenhouse
　　ice+box=icebox
　　3）缩略法
　　有些单词由于所含的字母太多，在文章中出现时，通常
　　用缩略的形式。
　　如：advertisement－ad.
　　Laboratory－lab.
　　4）拼缀法
　　有些单词是由两个单词拼缀而成的，但与合成词不同的
　　是拼缀后的单词并不是两个单词的简单相加。
　　如：smoke+fog－smog（烟雾）
　　Chinese+English－Chinglish（中文式英文）
　　（2） 考生通过分析生词所在的句子、段落的上下文，运用自己所掌握的语法构词法以及对其背景的了解，可以决定许多词在特定句子、段落中的内在涵义。
　　运用上下文猜测词义，必须注意以下几点：
　　1） 利用句子中自己能理解的其他词汇用句子的基本含义来推断生词的词义。
　　2） 运用所掌握的英语语法和表达句子中各部分关系的标点符号来判断生词的含义。
　　3） 仅仅要求了解该生词的大概意义，不一定要明白该词汇的定义或同义词。
　　2．略读
　　略读的方法是首先看一下标题（在标题的情况下）。接着读第一段，抓住中心思想。再浏览一下其他段落的首句和末句最后读完结尾段，这样就达到了略读的目的。
　　略读要点一、将不熟悉的困难词语放弃不读，领会句子大意
　　略读要点二、阅读中有时会遇到一些较长的句子，可以通过语法结构了解什么是支撑主题的细节描写句，略去细节描写的部分，直接读出其中心含义。
　　略读要点三、特别注意那些重要的构词和标点符号，因为它们可能会导致重要词汇意义的改变。
　　通常，略读适用于考查文章言主旨或大意的试题。
　　After a hectic day of work and play， the body needs to rest. Sleep is necessary for good health. During this time， the body recovers from the activities of the previous day .The rest that you get while sleeping enables your body to prepare itself for the next day.
　　There are four levels of sleep， each being a little deeper than the one before. As you sleep， your muscles relax little by little. Your heart beats more slowly， and your brain slows down. After you reach the fourth level， your body shifts back and forth from one level of sleep to the other.
　　Although your mind slows down， from time to time you will dream， Scientists who study sleep state say that when dreaming occurs， your eyeballs begin to move more quickly （although your eyelids are closed）. This stage of sleep is called REM， which stands rapid eye movement.
　　If you have trouble falling asleep， some people recommend breathing very slowly and very deeply. Other people believe that drinking warm milk will help make you drowsy. There is also an old suggestion that counting sheep will put you to sleep！
　　Question: A good title for this passage is____.
　　A. sleep
　　B. good health
　　C. dreams
　　D. work and rest
　　3．迅读
　　迅读是一种比一般速度高一倍以上的阅读方法，目的是迅速从文中找到所需信息解决问题。
　　迅读要领一：首先确定你需要什么事实和细节，并对其形式进行估计。
　　迅读要领二：在略读中由于对各段落和句子已进行过分析，已大致了解主题和细节，并进行过勾勒，这时就可以考虑确定在什么地方去找自己需要的有关细节或说明。
　　迅读要领三：尽快用眼睛扫过文章，找到自己需要的细节描述部分，并在有关句子下做出各种记忆符号。文章浏览完毕，再将划线部分（或做其他符号）重新详读一次，并进行适当推理。
　　通常，迅读法适用于事实、细节型阅读理解试题。
　　Languages are marvelously complex and wonderfully complicated organs of culture: they embody the quickest and the most efficient means of communicating within their respective culture； in the words of a poet and philosopher，“ As many languages as one speaks， so many lives one lives”. A culture and its languages are as inseparable as brain and body； while one is a part of the other， neither can function without the other. In learning a foreign language， the best beginning is with the non-verbal linguistic elements of the language， its gestures， its body language. Eye contact is extremely important in English. Direct eye contact leads to understanding， or， as the English maxim has it， seeing eye-to-eye. We can never see eye-to-eye with a native speaker of English until we have learned to look directly into his eyes.
　　Question:
　　According to this passage， the best way to learn a foreign language is____.
　　A. to read the works of poets and philosophers
　　B. to find a native speaker and look directly into his eyes
　　C. to begin by learning its body language
　　D. to visit a country where English is spoken
　　4．研读法
　　除了在阅读理解中运用略读法和寻读法之外，有时还需要仔细阅读文章的某一特定部分，力求对其有较深的理解，或对其进行归纳、总结、推断等。这时就需要对这部分仔细阅读，以便理解作者言外之意。这种仔细的阅读方法就研读法，通常适用于推断型阅读理解试题。
　　Very high waves are destructive when they strike the land. Fortunately， this seldom happens. One reason is that out at sea， waves moving in one direction almost always run into waves moving in a different direction. The two sets of waves tend to cancel each other out. Another reason is that water is shallower near the shore. As a wave gets closer to land， the shallow bottom helps reduce its strength.
　　But the power of waves striking the shore can still be very great. During a winter gale， waves sometimes strike the
　　shore with the force of 6，000 pounds for each square foot. That means a wave，25 feet high and 500 feet along its face，may strike the shore with a force of 75 million pounds.
　　Yet the waves，no matter how big or how violent，affect only the surface of the sea. During most raging storms，the water a hundred fathoms（600 feet） beneath the surface is just as calm as on a day without a breath of wind.
　　Question: From your reading of the paragraph， which of the following is true？
　　A. At a depth of 1，200 feet the effects of a violent surface storm are frightful.
　　B. A submarine commander navigating his vessel at a depth of 700 feet will not be affected by a raging surface storm.
　　C. A typhoon 500 miles out at sea can stir up the ocean bed.
　　D. If high waves can strike the shore with a horizontal force of 75 million pounds， the vertical force of such waves can have an even greater effect upon the ocean floor.
　　5．整体阅读
　　一篇文章是一个整体。文章作者通过整篇文章的构思、布局、对事物的论证、说明、叙述和描写等方法向读者传授知识和信息。知识和信息是存在于整篇文章之中，而不是存在于孤立的词句之内。在阅读句、段、篇时都应从整体原则出发。这样才能既理解字面含义，又能洞察深层含义；既能看到上下文呼应的语言结构，又能体会到字里行间的潜在含义；既能了解文章的各局部的含义，又能抓住文章的中心思想，从而对整篇文章达到较高层次的理解。奥鹏易百