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北语18春《大学英语三》导学资料一
交际用语和阅读理解
一、本阶段学习内容概述       
这一学期第一阶段的学习内容是课件内的交际用语部分和阅读理解部分,交际用语部分包括十四个单元,具体包括Greetings, Introduction, Thanks, Apologies, Making Calls, Parting and Seeing off, Asking for Advice/Suggestion, Asking for Help, Compliments, Invitations, Shopping, Seeing the Doctor, Asking the Way, Asking for Information. 大家要认真学习课件里的这些内容,掌握其中的知识点。下面针对交际用语部分给大家补充一些与交际用语、阅读方法等有关的学习资料,帮助大家更好的学习这一部分的内容。
二、重难点讲解
第一部分 英语交际用语分类总结
1.告别
考点:See you. Take care.
难点: “See you. ”道别时用语.同Good-bye.但有别于You see,“你知道”.如:You see , everything has two sides.而Take care 也是道别是用语,但表示“多保重”  
--- It‘s getting late. I’m  afraid I must be going now .
---OK.____.
A. Take it easy     B.Go slowly     C. Stay longer      D.  See you
2.介绍
?考点: Nice/ Pleased/ Glad to see /meet you.   Nice meeting you
?难点:“ Nice to meet you.’’为初次见面时的礼貌用语; ”Nice meeting you.’’为初                             次见面后的告别语.
---Let me introduce myself. I’m Albert .
---___.
A. What a pleasure         B. It’s my pleasure
C. Pleased to meet you      D. I’m very pleased
3.感谢和应答
感谢:Thank you.  Thanks. It’s very kind /nice of you.
回答:Not at all.   It’s/That’s all right .  You’re welcome.   It’s a pleasure .
My pleasure  .That’s OK.         Don’t mention it.
难点:   “My pleasure.’’ 同”It’s a pleasure.’’是感谢应答语译作“不用谢’’;
        而”With pleasure.’’是请求应答语译作“乐意效劳,非常愿意’’
--It’s been a wonderful evening .Thank you
--____.     
A.  My pleasure   B. I’m glad to hear that  C.  No ,thanks  D. It’s OK   
4.道歉、遗憾和应答
道歉:What a pity/ shame .    I’m sorry.
应答:It’s /That’s all right  .That’s OK.  It doesn’t matter.  Never mind . Forget it .  
难点:“Forget it.’’ 共有三种意义: ①休想,不可能.You expect Tom to come earlier .Forget it, he always comes late.②没关系,别在意 ,忘了吧.
------I’m terribly sorry for having broken your mirror.
-----Forget it .  
③别提它了,算了吧.表不原重复所说之话.
----What were you saying just now? I didn’t hear.
---- Oh, nothing. Forget it.
Get it .明白了.   Make it.干成,做成.   Take it.拿去吧. Put it. 说…… (as sb put it)
--I’m sorry I’m calling you so late.   
--___ Okay.
A. This is       B. You’re     C. That’s      D. I’m
5.请求、允许和应答
请求:May /Can /Could I…? Would /Do You mind…?应答肯定):Yes/Sure/Certainly. Yes, please. Of course( not) ,you may/can. Take your time. Yes ,help yourself .Go ahead, please .Not at all .That’s OK /all right .Not in the least .Not a bit.(否定):I’d rather you didn’t .You’d better not. I’m sorry you can’t.
?难点:“Take it easy.’’安慰对方不要生气、紧张不安,即to tell someone to become less upset or angry;   ”Take your time.’’同no hurry .安慰对方不要急,慢慢来, “Sure, go ahead .’’当然可以,干吧、做吧、说吧等; ”
  help yourself.’’同意对方使用,让对方自己动手取;   Not in the least.一点也不
-- Can I look at the menu for a few more minutes before I decide?
--Of course .   ______,sir.  
   A. Make yourself at home            B . Enjoy yourself
   C. It doesn’t matter                 D. Take your time
6.祝愿、祝贺和应答
祝愿:Good luck!   Enjoy yourself!   Have fun!    Congratulations.应答:Thank you. The same to you . You, too.
难点: Well done!干得好,真棒!用以赞扬对方做得好.
     Congratulations!祝贺对方已取得成功.
     “Good luck !‘’ 祝愿对方交好运,
   反语为:Bad luck!或Just my luck!  ”真倒霉,真不走运,我的运气总是这样差.
   Have fun!’’祝愿对方玩得开心,同Enjoy yourself.
7.打电话
考点:Is that… speaking? Hold on, please.    Just a minute,please. Hello, who is it /that 〈speaking〉?Hello ,this is …speaking. There’s no Pippa here. Speaking.
难点:熟练掌握打电话用语.指对方时用指示代词that/it.指说话者本人时用指示代词this.打电话用语还有:Are you there?你还在接听吗?Suppose you ring me up.你给我打电话好吗?等等.
--Good morning ,Grand Hotel.
– Hello, I’d like to book a room for the nights of the 18th and 19th.   
--_____.
A. What can I do for you ?  B. Just a minute, please  C. What’s the matter?   D. At your service
8.就餐
?考点   Help yourself to some…   ;I’m full,thank you.; Just a little ,please .
Yes, I’d like a drink .Yes ,sir ?
难点: “Yes,sir?’’ 是应答语,用于应答呼唤或表示在关注倾听对方,不必作出回答,可译作语气词”哎’’而“What?’’则表对方介绍一种情况,说话者觉得难已置信,希望对方重复部分内容,译作”啥’’.
--Waiter!  
--_____. --I can’t eat this. It’s too salty.
A. Yes, sir?    B. What?      C. All right ?      D. Pardon?
9 .提醒注意
?考点:Mind your step/ head! Wet floor!、Look out!、Be careful!、Don’t touch!、Take care!
?难点: “Look out!’’警告对方有危险;.
         "Take care ”警告对方做事要小心,还可作道别时用语, 译为“请多保重’’;
与look 相关的交际用语还有:  Just have a look.随便看看.
                            Look what you ’ve done! 看看你干了些什么!
--____for the glass!
--It’s OK. I’m wearing shoes.
A. Look out    B. Walk out    C .Go out    D. Set out
10.请求和应答
请求:Can/Could/ Would you please…?应答:No/ Less noise ,please .What for?
难点:与what相关的交际应语:“what for?’’ 相当于“why?’’表’’为什么’’,还可表示’’为何’’,即for what purpose ; “Guess what!’’ ‘’你猜猜发生了什么事?’’用于说出令人感到惊讶的事情前;而“What’s up ?’’表示“What’s happening ?’’译作:有啥事? “So what?’’ 表示“是······又怎么样’’;’’那有什么了不起’’ “与我有什么关系’’ “What’s wrong?’’ 表焦虑; “What a shame!’’ 表遗憾; “What is it?’’ 是什么; “What about…?’’ 表劝告或建议; “What a surprise !’’表惊讶.
--Susan, will you please go and empty that drawer?
--______.
A. What for     B. What is it      C. How is it      D. How come11.同意和不同意同意:Certainly /Sure/Of  course/Exactly .No problem. Yes ,please. Yes, I think so .All right/OK. It’s a good idea. Sounds good. I couldn’t agree more. I will. With pleasure. Sure, go ahead. Yes, help yourself. I dare say, .I should think so. If you like, Why not? So it is.不同意:No. I don’t think so. I’m afraid not. No way. Far from it. Forget it. No chance.?
?难点:No way.没门儿;No chance.决不可能,即说话者确信某事不可能发生;  I couldn’t agree more .我非常赞成或我再同意不过了.比较级用于否定句中表最高级.又如:It can’t be better/worse.  Far from it. 远不是,差得远呢,表远非达到某种程度,视具体语境,译法灵活.如:Do you think he is a good worker ?Far from it.   “I will.’’表允诺、同意,译作”我会的’’.如:--Do you remember me to your wife ? --I will.      I should think so.表强烈赞成,译作“当然’’.I should think not. 与之相反,译作”当然不’’.
?---I think you should phone Jenny and say sorry to her .
---______. It was her fault.
A. No way 、B. Not possible    C. No chance 、 D. Not at all12.肯定和不肯定
?考点:Perhaps/Maybe. It’s hard to say . I have no idea . It depends. It’s up to you . No chance. Not as far as I know . That’s right.
?难点:It depends.“视情况而定’’,表目前尚不确定,待情况发展而定.I have no idea .”不清楚、不知道’’,表说话者对此事不曾知晓.如:--Has Bob finished his homework?   --I have no idea .   It’s up to you.“你看着办吧’’,表说话者无所谓或无权作出决定,靠对方自己作出决定.      
--How often do you eat out?
--_____, but usually once a week.
A. Have no idea       B. It depends  
C. As usual          D. Generally speaking13.意愿和预见
?考点     I hope so /not. I would rather not tell you .I believe so /not. I guess so/ not.
?难点     I(don’t) guess/ believe/think /suppose so /not.但不可说I don’t hope so.
?例题:--You haven’t lost the ticket, have you ?   
--_____.I know  it’s not easy to get another one at the moment .
A. I hope not      B. Yes ,I have
C. I hope so       D. Yes ,I’m afraid so 14.表扬和鼓励
?考点:Well done/Good work ! Come on ! You can do it !You’re doing fine!?难点:“Come on!’’有多种意义:①表敦促,译作”快点’’.②表鼓励、煽动,译作"加油,打呀,高兴点’’等.如:Come on, boys ,you can do it. Come on , then, hit me! I dare you !  ③ 了解对方所说的不是事实,译作"别逗了,算了吧’’.如:Oh ,come on ,nobody will believe you .?
--Now, where is my purse?
--____!  We’ll be late for the picnic.
A. Take your time          B. Don’t worry
C. Come on               D. Take it easy 15.高兴
?考点:That’s nice /wonderful/great/lovely! How nice/wonderful! I’m glad/pleased /happy to…
?难点:I’m  glad to hear that.此句是考查热点,表高兴或喜悦.
--I had a really good weekend at my uncle’s.     --Oh, I’m glad to hear that.
---Guess what! I came across an old friend at the party last night .
--_____.  I’m sure you had a wonderful time.
  A. Sounds good!  B. Very well. C.  How nice!  D. All right16.惊奇
?考点    Really?  Guess  what!    Oh dear!   How  come? what?  What a surprise! No wonder.
?难点   Guess what!“你猜猜发生了什么事!”用于说出令人感到惊讶的事情前.What?则表对方介绍一种情况,说话者觉得难以置信,希望对方重复部分内容.No wonder.表因果,前一原因导致后来结果,译作“难怪,不足为奇’’.How come ?“怎么会呢?”表惊讶.如:How come you are still here ? I thought you had left. How’s that?询问对方是否满意,译作“怎么样?’’ 如:Come up ! How’s that ? Can you see it clearer now ?还表示”“那是怎么回事? 如:I, m sorry I can’t go with you . How’s that? Haven’t we fixed it?
---Brand was Jane’s brother!
--_____he reminded me so much of Jane!
?A. No doubt   B. Above all  C. No wonder   D. Of course 高频交际用语答案词:
No way 没门,决不可能;
No problem (回答请求)没问题;
No comment. 无可奉告;
No wonder. 难怪
Forget it(应答道歉)忘掉它吧,算了吧;
Got it懂了,知道了;
I mean it我是认真的
That’s it.正是这样
Not likely!不可能,不行;
Not in the least一点也不;
Far from it一点也不;
Not really不全是,不会吧
;Not exactly!不完全如此;
Come on.快点;加油;得了吧;
Why not?好哇,干嘛不(同意建议);
Help yourself.随便吃,自己拿
How come?怎么会呢?(惊讶);
So what?那又怎样?
What for?为了什么;
What if? 如果…将会怎样?
It’s a deal.成交;
It’s a bargain.便宜货;
Let’s go Dutch. AA制;
It’s my treat.我请客
I can’t agree more.完全同意;
It depends.看情况,视…而定;
(It’s) up to you.由你决定;
Absolutely.完全可以
By all means当然可以,尽一切办法,务必;
Go ahead.开始吧,请吧,用吧,继续
Take it easy.别急,别烦恼;
Take your time.慢慢来;
It’s nothing./Think nothing of it.没什么(回答感谢);
Never mind.不要紧,没关系,不用担心;
It doesn’t matter.没关系,不生气,不介意
Me too.我也是;
Me neither.我也不是;
It’s a piece of cake.小菜一碟;
Cheer up.振作些;
Cheers./Drink to one’s health.(为健康)干杯;
Better play it safe慎重,别冒险
;You can’t be serious! Are you kidding? 开玩笑
Pardon me.对不起;
Just in case.以防万一;
Yes?我在这儿,有什么事?(A : Waiter!  B: Yes, sir?)
.So far so good.目前为止,一切都好;
That’s not like him.那不像是他的风格;
It’s better than nothing.总比什么都没有好;
Good luck.祝你好运;
Just my luck.真倒霉,真不走运;
You bet!当然;
Drop me a line.写信给我
I’ll keep my ears open.我会留意的;
You’re the boss.听你的;
If I were in your shoes如果我是你的话
That’s all right = That’s OK不用谢;没关系;
That’s great /Good idea太好了 ;
It couldn’t be better 这再好不过了;
It couldn’t be worse 这再糟糕不过了
I’d rather you didn’t 我宁愿不要…;
Hold the line,please别挂电话 ;
Don’t mention it/you’re welcome不用谢
That’s all right = That’s OK不用谢;没关系;
64.Please remember me to your mum 请代我向你的妈妈问好
65.A pleasure.=My pleasure=It’s a pleasure. 意为“不用谢”,当别人表示感谢时用它来回答;
66.With pleasure. 意为“非常乐意”,当别人请自己帮忙时,自己爽快的接受(伴随着快乐)
67.Never mind用于当别人为某事烦恼或向你道歉时;
68.Help yourself 随便拿/吃…;
69.you guessed it 你猜对了;
70.Great,/exactly,/definitely/absolutely表示同意和赞成
71.That’s very nice of you 你真好;
72.That’s for sure 当然;
Thanks anyway不过,还是得谢谢你;
It depends视情况而定;
Not really不全是,并不是真的/真的不行(礼貌的拒绝);
I’m glad that you like it so much (别人夸奖你的服务等你表示感谢的用语)几个常见的交际用语的使用及比较That is all right.没关系; 不客气(用于别人道歉或致谢时)
   That is right说得对 (相当于you are right.)
   All right: 不错 --How is the school going, Steve?  --Oh, all right. I guess.
   没事的   Everything will be all right
好的,行(=ok)  --Can you get my dress ready by Friday?   
-- All right. You'll have it soon.
2. with pleasure十分乐意(用于别人求助时) ; 非常乐意(用于邀请时)
  ( It is /That is ) a /my pleasure别客气 (用于别人道谢时)  
3.  Don’t mention it. 不用客气(主要用于别人道谢时)  
                没关系(少数情况下也可用来回答道歉)
4.  No problem 没问题 (=By all means / Out of question答应别人)
--Could you post the letter for me? --No problem.
      没问题;不在话下” (表示有能力做某事)
--Can you make a kite?   --No problem.  
没问题(用来表示安慰)  
--I’ve left my money at home.    --(That’s) no problem. I can lend you some.
     不用谢/别客气 (主要用于美国英语中)  --Thank you very much. --No problem.
没关系/没什么” (主要用于美国英语中)
-- I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.  -- No problem
5. Forget it没关系/别在意(用来回答道歉)
–I’m really sorry to have broken your vase.  –Forget it. I’ve got many.
别放在心上(表示某物/事不重要)  
---How much do I owe you?? --Forget it.
算不了什么/不用谢了(用于回答感谢)
--I'm most grateful to you for your help.  -- Oh, It’s nothing, Forget it.
别提它了(表示不想重复刚才的话)   
–What was that? I didn’t hear.  –Forget it. Nothing         
休想/不可能   —Can you lend me 1000 dollars?     --Forget it. No way.  
        别说了/省省吧(表示对别人所说的有点烦)  Forget it. It's been set for weeks.
6. Don’t you think? 你说呢?/你说是吗?(用来询问对方的看法)
  --It must be a very good book, don’t you think?
难道你不这样认为吗?(委婉的否定/反驳)
--He married a beautiful girl. --Oh, really? But I think she is a little too short, don’t you think?
7. at your service 愿为您效劳! I'm at your service no matter what you ask me to do
听候吩咐     –Peter ?     --At your service, Madame.
8. excuse me劳驾 (打听情况/引人注意)
-- Excuse me, but will you please lend me a match?
--Excuse me, sir, will you tell me the way to the post office?
对不起(客气地打断别人的话) --Excuse me, telegram has just arrived.
劳驾;对不起(经过别人面前时)
He pushed his way through the crowd, saying "Excuse me. "
对不起(表示中途退席或暂时告退--Excuse me, just a moment. 对不起,请稍候
--Excuse me, I’ll be back in a minute.
用来对有失礼仪的行为表示抱歉. 打嗝时/喷嚏时说一声 Oh, excuse me.
8. go ahead说吧/做吧/开始吧/请便(表示同意或允许)
--May I start? --Yes, go ahead.
--Will you do me a favour?  --Go ahead. 说吧
--Do you mind if I smoke?  --No, go ahead不,你抽吧
继续…吧(表示继续做某事)--Go ahead, we’re all listening.
--Don’t interrupt me when I am explaining   --All right, go ahead.
9 Hang on 别挂断(=hold on)--Hang on! I’ll call him.
等一下(用作电话以外的情况)
--We’re going, Mary.  --Hang on a minute. I’m not quite ready.
10. help yourself随便吃 (招呼客人吃东西)
--Make yourself at home, and help yourself to anything you like.
请自便,自已拿吧(客气地允许别人做某事)  
--Can I use your dictionary? --Yes, help yourself.  
11. after you! 你先请(用作进出门或进餐等场合)  --After you, sir. --Thanks.
12. Not at all不用谢;不客气(回答感谢)  --Thanks for helping me. --Not at all. I enjoyed it.
没关系(回答道歉)
--I’m sorry to keep you waiting. --Not at all. I’ve been here only a few minutes.
             一点也不/不见意(回答Would you mind)
--Do you mind my opening the window? --Not at all, go ahead.
13. I bet. 我敢肯定;保证没错(有把握或信心)                  
  --I bet he (will) win. 我肯定会赢.
You bet. 当然啦;那还用说(表示对方所提出的事实是显然的)
-Can you do it?     -You bet. 当然啦.
--I think he knows the secret.  --You bet (he does).
14. Good luck祝你走运   –I’ll take an important exam.     –Good luck.   
Bad luck / Hard luck/ ill luck 运气真不好! 真倒霉(同情或安慰某人
--Bad luck! Better luck next time.
Congratulations 祝贺你   Congratulations on your new job!
15. 表赞同对方的话,同意对方的请求几个特殊表达  
I can’t agree more再同意不过了.
Absolutely /Exactly/Definitely完全是如此;正是
--Can I talk to you for a minute?    -Absolutely, come in.
--Do you mean he is to blame      --Exactly
absolutely not 绝对不行;绝对不会(表示强烈的否定或拒绝)
--Do you think I can trust him?    --Absolutely not.
     Not exactly 不见得;不完全是--Do you mean to say he’ll refuse us?    --Not exactly
--S0 you missed the meeting.  –Not exactly. I got there five minutes earlier before it started.                                    
not really确实不行   
-- Do you think we can get to the station on time?   --Not really unless we take a taxi.
不完全是    --Do you hate other's smoking in the office?    --Not really.
--Do ? you ? enjoy ? the ? party ? last ? night? ? --Not ? really.
by all means 当然可以/没问题   --May I borrow your bicycle?     --By all means.
      by no means绝不                     
out of the question不可能/不行               
16. 常用的几个省略表达:
If so:如果是那样的话                 If not:如果不那样的话
What if...如果出现某种情况怎么办      
How come +....从句? 怎么会/为什么出现某种情况;
If only......! 但愿;要是...就好了         
So what....?那又能怎么样呢? (表示不在乎,不服气的语气)
17.take one’s time表示“慢慢来;不着急”;
18.with pleasure 相当于certainly,意为“当然可以;愿意效劳”;
19. hold on 在电话用语中表示“请别挂断”;
20. Got it  知道了,明白了
21. I couldn’t agree more表示完全同意对方的观点或看法等,可译为:我完全同意;我举双后赞成;你说得很对
22. It (all) depends. / That (all) depends.表示某事或某情况还没有决定,得看情况而定,
23. So what? 那又怎样?

第二部分、阅读理解
在这一部分,我给大家介绍一下英语阅读理解的阅读方法和阅读考题类型及相应的做题技巧。拿到一篇阅读理解题应该从何读起?
一、阅读方法:
首先,在解题前,应先快速浏览文章后的问题,找出题干中的关键词,明确需要解决的问题,这样阅读的目的就很明确;然后带着这些问题的关键词句开始阅读,并结合以下三种阅读方法解不同的题型。
    略读(Skimming):这种阅读方式用于快速浏览,其主要目的就是把握全文的大意。要按意群扫视,连贯阅读;要特别注意文章的开始段、结束段、每段的首句和结尾句以及段落之间的连接词语和文章中的信息词,它们往往是了解文章大意的关键。
    查读(Scanning):这种阅读方式适于寻找具体细节,例如:事实、数字、人物、原因、年代、方式等。这种方法主要用于做细节题。
细读(Reading for full understanding):这种阅读方式适于某些需要判断或思考的问题。对于这种问题先要找到它在文章中的相关段落,然后逐句阅读,特别是对与问题有关的关键词、关键句要仔细推敲。二.阅读考题类型及相应的应答技巧
(一)细节题:
主要是考查学生对文章某些事实的细节和数据的掌握,这类问题的答案一般都能在原文中找到。对于事实细节题,关键是要定位准确。应首先找到它的考查点,这种题只要找到细节题所在的地方,再联系上下文,然后根据它的命题规律答题即可。这类题的题干+答案在意义上通常等于原文中某一部分的内容,也就是说用不同的表达方式使题干+答案与原文等值(即同义结构,如:educational institution( school; make strenuous efforts( strive)。文中的时间、地点、人物、数量或事实多为提问的对象(即when, where, who, why, how, how many/much,..),而这些问题的表达常不采用文章中的原话提问,而是使用同义词语等,因此,在选择答案前应首先看准题干,看清问题所问究竟是什么细节内容;然后,在查读时注意寻找与题目相关的关键词语;最后,在充分理解原文、原题的基础上确定答案。(二)正误判断题
由于所提信息在文中比较清晰,可以一一找到,所以,解决这类问题可采用带选题跳读的阅读技巧,首先找出问题或选项中出现的关键词语或主要检测点,然后略读文章,扫描这些词所在的句子,再详细读这些句子。必要时,连同它们前后的句子也要仔细阅读,以便综合考虑和确定答案。这样做可以有根据地排除多余的信息及干扰,快速抓住供解题用的信息点,提高解题速度和准确性。
A: According to the passage, which of the following is (NOT) true?
通过文章可以得出,下面哪项是(不)正确的?
B: According to the passage, which of the following statements is wrong?
通过文章可以得出,下面除哪项是错误的表述?(三)主旨题:
        主要的目的是了解文章所论述的主题思想以及作者的写作意图。常见命题方式:
A: What is the general topic of the passage?                        这篇文章的主题是什么?
B: The best title for this passage is ______.              这篇文章最佳的标题是
C: The main idea of this passage is______.              这篇文章的主要内容是
D: What is the passage about?                             这篇文章是有关什么内容的?
E: What does this passage mainly discuss?                         这篇文章主要讨论的是什么?
这类问题选择答案时切忌过于具体,不能选择概括全篇文章中某一段落的主题的、或是某个细节的选项;另外也不要选择过于笼统的答案,致使选项中包含的内容超越了文章的主题。最基本的方法是找各个段落的主题句。主题句通常在一段的开头或者结尾部分。因此解答主旨题时,应该多关注一个段落的两头。当然,有时候主题句藏在一段的中间,甚至压根儿就没有主题句。(四)推理题:
这类问题旨在测试考生的逻辑推理能力、语言分析能力和综合归纳能力。它要求考生根据文章内容做出合乎逻辑的推断,包括考生对作者观点的理解,对某些句子修辞、语气、隐含意思等的理解。要注意切不可把原文中已明确陈述的事实作为答案, 要选“言中所无,意中所有”的答案。常见命题方式:
A: From the passage, it can be inferred that…                 从文章可以推论出什么?
B: One could conclude from the passage that…                从文章可以得出什么结论?
C: This passage has probably been taken from …                文章很可能是从什么地方选出的?(五)词义题
阅读理解的词义题并非是单纯地考查词汇量,而是考查学生在一定的上下文中辨认和推测词义的能力。常见命题方式:
A: The word ….(Line…, Para…) most probably refers to ______.
B: In this passage, … probably means ______.   
C: The word “…” could best be replaced by which of the following?
解题方法:(1)直接定义。作者用了生词,然后马上就用一些简单的单词来解释它。这种重述就是直接定义,常见标志有连词or,而且多用逗号与生词隔开,“refer to”, “mean”等;(2)同义暗示法。作者用了一个生词的时候,一般会在下文用一个同义词来暗示这个单词的意思;(3)反义对比法。作者通过介绍一个生词的反义词来告诉我们这个生词的意思。因此,表示转折的联接词but, unlike, while, however, on the contrary就成了这类题目的标志词;(4)事例证明法。诸如for example, such as之类的词组。(六) 观点态度题:
        一般来说,说明文体裁客观,所以作者的态度应是客观的(objective)或中立的(neutral);而在议论文中,作者的观点往往是有所表达的,考生应细心捕捉表达或暗示情感态度的词或短语。常见的提问方式有:
A: How does the author feel about…?                     作者认为……怎么样?
B: What’s the author’s attitude towards…?          作者对……是什么看法或态度?
C: Which of the following can best describe the author’s attitude towards…?
下面哪项最能描述作者对……的态度?
D: The tone of the author is ______.                 作者的语气或态度是什么?
常出现的有关态度的词:optimistic(乐观的), pessimistic(悲观的), cautious(审慎的), enthusiastic(热情的), objective(客观的), subjective(主观的), arbitrary(武断的), neutral(中立的), positive(肯定的), critical(批评的), compromising(折衷的), indifference(漠不关心的), ironic(讽刺的), appreciative(欣赏的)等等。三、下一阶段学习建议
下一阶段学习课件中的词汇与结构,完形填空部分内容。这部分包括大学英语语法知识的讲解和完形填空题型的做题技巧和练习,语法知识是我们英语学习的重点内容。建议同学们在理解基本概念的基础上去记忆。在掌握好英语语法的基本概念、基本知识点的基础上做一定数量的练习是必要的。 《大学英语三》辅导老师奥鹏易百

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