《高级英语阅读（一）》Stressisafactorineverylife,andwithoutsomestr...

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福建师范大学16年8月课程考试《高级英语阅读（一）》作业考核试题答案

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ITranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.（结合课文上下文翻译以下句子：出自教材《高级英语阅读一》，第8课，TextA）
Attheheartofparentallossofcontrolliesthefactthatparentstodaysupervisetheirschoolagechildrenlessthantheircounterpartsdideventenyearsandcertainlytwentyyearsago.Anewparentalcasualnessissomuchthenormthesedaysthatonlywhenonecomparescontemporarychildrensliveswiththoseofthe1960sandearly1970sdoesonerealizehowmuchearliertheparentalreinsareloosenedtoday
IIReadLesson4TextA，Answerthefollowingquestions：（阅读教材第4课，课文A,回答问题）
StressSomeGood,SomeBad
ByJaneBrody
Stressisafactorineverylife,andwithoutsomestresslifewouldbedrabandunstimulating.Toolittlestresscanproduceboredom,feelingsofisolation,stagnation,andpurposelessness.Stressinandofitselfisnotbadrather,itshowyoureacttothedifferentstressesinyourlifethatmatters.
Manypeoplethriveonstress.Theyfindworkingunderpressureoragainstdeadlineshighlystimulating,providingthemotivationtodotheirbest.Andtheyrarelysuccumbtoadversestressreactions.Toslowsuch&quotracehorses&quotdowntothepaceofaturtlewouldbeasstressfulastryingtomaketheturtlekeepupwiththehorse.Yetotherscrumblewhenthecrunchisonortheoverloadlightflashes.Sometakelifeslargeandsmallobstaclesinstride,regardingthemasachallengetosucceedinspiteofeverything.Othersarethwartedbyeveryunexpectedturnofevents,fromatrafficdelaytoaseriousillnessinthefamily.
WhatStressDoes
Allstress,positiveornegative,stimulatesabasicbiologicalreactioncalledfightorflight.Thisisahormonallystimulatedstateofarousalthatpreparesyoutofacewhateverchallengeisathand,beityourdaughterswedding,ajobinterview,anargumentwithyourspouse,ortheassaultofawouldbemugger.Thechemicalreactioninfluencesyourheart,nervoussystem,muscles,andotherorgans,preparingthemforaction.
Problemsarisewhenthestressreactionisfrequentlycalledintoplayforinappropriatecircumstances,suchasamissedbus,longline,orreservationmixup,orwhenthecircumstancesofyourliferesultinmorestressthanyoucanhandleatanyonetime.
Whenmostpeopletalkaboutstress,theymeanthenegativereactionsachurninggut,achingback,tightthroat,rapidheartbeat,elevatedbloodpressure,mentaldepression,shorttemper,cryingjags,insomnia,impotence,viralinfections,asthmaattacks,ulcers,heartdisease,orcancer.
Mystressreactionwasheadaches.IgotthemoftenwhenIwaswritingondeadline,doingalotofsewing,preparingforadinnerparty,drivinginheavytraffic.ForyearsIhadattributedthemtoavarietyofcauses,includingeyestrainandallergicreactionstomycolleaguestobaccosmokeandtothefumesfrommygasstove.ButnotuntilIawokeonemorningfromabaddreamwithmyteethtightlyclencheddidIgetahintoftherealreason—areactiontostress.
OverthenextseveralweeksIrealizedthatwheneverIwasconcentratinghardonsomething(evenopeningastubbornpackageorchoppinganonion)orfeelingtenseoranxious,Iclenchedmyteeth.Afterawhilethestrainonthesupportingmuscleswouldresultinaheadache.
Itwasanunconsciousreaction,ahabitthatIwasfinallyabletobreakmwiththeaidofmydentist—bybecomingacutelyawareofitandmakingaconsciousefforttorelaxmyjawwhenformerly1wouldhavetightenedit.Nowtensionheadaches,whichaccountfor80percentoftheheadpainsthatafflictAmericans,rarelysneakthroughmysurveillance.
Dr.DonaldA.Tubesing,psychologistfromDuluth,Minnesota,andauthorofKickingYourStressHabits,likensstresstothetensiononaviolinstringmyouneed&quotenoughtensiontomakemusicbutnotsomuchthatitsnaps.&quot
Whereassomestressreductionprogramsofferonlytechniquestoinducerelaxation,Dr.Tubesingssimplywrittenselfhelpguidehelpsyougettotherootsofyourstressreactionsandmodifythem.Hepointsoutthatmoststressisnottheresultofgreattragedies,butratheranaccumulationofminorirritationsthat&quotgrindusdownovertheyears.&quotHetellsyouhowtorecognizethesourcesofthoseirritationsandwhattodoaboutthem.
Forexample,hepointsout,stressisinherentnotinaneventbutratherinhowyouperceivethateventbymodifyingyourperceptions,youcanreduceyourstress.Letssayyoujustmissedyourbus.Youcouldfocusonthefactthatyoullbelateforwork(stressful)oronthefactthatyoullnowhavetimetoreadthepaper(notstressful).
Hecautionsagainstspending&quot10dollarsworthofenergyona10centproblem&quot.Beforeyougearupforabattle,stopandthinkisthethreatreal?Istheissuereallyimportant?Canyoumakeadifference?Dr.Tubesingsguidehelpsyoutoidentifyyourbeliefs,values,andgoals,whichinturnwillenableyoutofocusonwhatreallycountsandstopworryingaboutirrelevanteventsorconcerns.
&quotTherearemillionsofwanttosandhavetosinlife,&quothenotes.&quotUltimately,thesepressurescreatestressonlywhenyourtimeandenergyspendingdecisionsarentconsistentwithyourgoals,beliefs,andvalues.&quot
Therearemanywaystocopewithexcessstress,andsomemethodsarebetterthanothers.Toooftenpeopleturntothewrongsolutionsforstressrelief,suchastranquilizers,sleepingpills,alcohol,andcigarettes,andendupfurtherimpairingtheir,healthwhiledoingnothingtogainanupperhandonthecausesoftheirstressreactions.Othersresorttoshorttermsolutionsmshouting,crying,takingahotbathmthathelpforawhile.Morelasting,&quotlowcost&quotreliefcouldbeobtainedthroughregularexerciseortalkingwithfriends,Dr.Tubesingsays.
HowtoCopewithStress
Everyoneshouldhavearepertoireofstressreducingtechniques.HerearesomethatDr.Tubesingandothershavefoundhelpful.
Setpriorities.Divideyourtasksintothreecategories—essential,important,andtrivial—andforgetaboutthetrivial.Learntosaynowhenyoureaskedtodosomethingthatoverloadsyourtimeorstressbudgetordivertsyoufromwhatyoureallyconsidermostimportant.Besatisfiedwithalessthanperfectjobifthealternativeisnotgettingajobdoneatall.Identifytheactivitiesyoufindsatisfyinginandofthemselves,andfocusonenjoyingthem,ratherthanonyourperformanceorwhatrewardstheactivitiesmightbring.
Organizeyourtime.Identifythetimewasters.Figureoutwheninthedayyouaremostproductive,anddoyouressentialandimportanttasksthen.Paceyourselfbyschedulingyourtasksandgiveyourselftimetorechargeyourbatteries.
Budgetyourstress.Trytoavoidclustersofstressfuleventsbyspreadingthemout.
Try&quotcleanliving.&quotBemoreconsistentinyourlivinghabitsbytryingtoeat,sleep,andexerciseataboutthesametimeeveryday.Besuretogetenoughsleepandrestbecausefatiguecanreduceyourabilitytocopewithstress.Eatregular,wellbalancedmealswithenoughvarietytoassuregoodnutritionandenoughcomplexcarbohydrates(starchyfoods)toguaranteeareadyenergyreserve.
Choosefightorfight.Dontbeafraidtoexpressanger(hidingitisevenmorestressfulthanlettingitout),butchooseyourfightsdonthassleovereverylittlething.Whenfightingisinappropriate,tryfleeinglearntofantasizeortakeashortbreak(doapuzzle,takeawalk,gotoaconcert,orawayfortheweekend)toreenergizeyourself.Youcanalsogiveinonceinawhile,insteadofalwaysinsistingyouarerightandothersarewrong.
Learnrelaxationtechniques.Theseincludedeepbreathingexercises,transcendentalmeditation,therelaxationresponse,yoga,progressiverelaxationofmusclegroups,imagery,biofeedback,andbehaviormodification.Thelastfourmayrequireprofessionalhelp.Onatightlyscheduledday,takeaminuteortwobetweenappointmentsoractivitiesforarelaxationbreakstretching,breathing,walkingaround.
Revitalizethroughexercise.Abodylackinginphysicalstaminaisinnoshapetohandlestress.Anexercisetuneupcanincreaseyouremotionalaswellasyourphysicalstrength.Exerciseenhances,ratherthansaps,yourenergyitalsohasadistinctrelaxingeffect.
Talkitout.Problemsoftenseemmuchworsewhenyoualonecarrytheirburden.Talkingtoatrustedfriendorrelativeortoaprofessionalcounselorcanhelpyousortthingsoutandunloadsomeoftheburden.Ifthingsarereallybad,donthesitatetoseekprofessionalcounselingorpsychotherapy.
Getoutsideyourself.Stresscausespeopletoturnintothemselvesandfocustoomuchontheirownproblems.Trydoingsomethingforsomeoneelse.Orfindsomethingotherthanyourselfandyouraccomplishmentstocareabout.Bemoretolerantandforgivingofyourselfandothers.
Finally,Drs.RobertL.WoolfolkandFrankC.Richardson,psychologistsandauthorsofStress,SanityandSurvival,cautionagainst&quotwaitingforthedaywhenyoucanrelaxorwhenyourproblemswillbeover.Thestrugglesoflifeneverend.Mostgoodthingsinlifearefleetingandtransitory.Enjoythemsavorthem.Dontwastetimelookingforwardtothehappyendingtoallyourtroubles.&quot
1.Whatdoesthewriterwanttotellusthroughthistext?
2.Howtocopewithstress,whatsuggestionsdoesthewriterputforward?

III.Readlesson1TextB（阅读教材第1课课文B判断对错）
Lesson1,TextB
Untitled
Maypeoplefindreadingdifficult.Perhapsthisisbecausereadingisnotanaturalabilitylikebreathingorwalking.Readingisaskill,andlikeallskillsitneedspracticebeforeitbecomeseasy.
Inthatway,readingissomethinglikeplayingfootball.Themoreyoupractice,themoreskilledyoubecome.Thebeginnerinfootballhasthehelpofacoachwhogivesadviceonhowtoimprovetheneededskills.
Thisbookcanbeusedasareadingcoach.Itwillgiveyouadviceonhowtoimproveyourreadingskills.Itwillhelpyou,however,onlyifyoudecidetoworkwithit.Coachingisnouseunlessthecoachingadviceisfollowed.
Youmustbeginyourreadingstudywiththeunderstandingthatreadingiswork.Likefootballtraining,itrequireshardandconsistentworkifyouwanttosucceedatit.Noseriousplayerwouldgotofootballtraininganddosomethingelseatthesametime.Similarly,whenyouread,youcannotdootherthingsatthesametime.Whenyoureadseriously,therefore,youshouldneitherwatchTVnorhavetheradioorstereoplaying.
Whenyouread,youmusthaveagoodlight.Youshouldalsohaveapencil,paper,andadictionary,andbepreparedtoconcentrate.Whenyouareamoreexperiencedreader,youwillbeabletomanagewithoutthesethings,butatfirstyoushouldfollowalltherules.
Thefollowingrulescanhelpyoulearntobeamoreeffectivereader.Becomeacquaintedwithwordsandtheirmeanings.Learnhowtomakeuseofawidevarietyofwordsandhowtouseadictionarytohelpyouunderstandwords.Makeitapracticetowritedownwordsyoudonotknow.Trytoworkouttheirmeaningfromtheircontextinthesentence.Ifthisdoesnothelpyourunderstanding,checkthemeaninglaterinthedictionary.
Itisbetternottolookupanewwordasyouread,unlessyoucannotmakesenseofthesentencewithoutit.Youshould,however,lookupthewordwhenyoufinishreadingandthentrytouseitinyourownwritingandconversation.
Donotreadtooslowly.Itistemptingtothinkthatslowerreadingwillleadtogreatercomprehension.Thisisnottrue.Readingslowlyallowsthemindtimetothinkaboutotherthings.Keepthepaceupwithineachparagraph.
Keepyourconcentrationfixedonthewordsyouarereadingandtheauthorsmeaning.Donotexploreyourowninterpretationofthesubjectasyouread.Keepthatforlaterandexploreyourownideaswhenyouhavefinishedthereading.
Readtoremember.Youwastetimeifyouhavetoreadthesamethingtwoorthreetimestogetthemessage.YoucanincreaseyourabilitytorememberwhatyoureadifyoulearntousetheParagraphKeylikethis
Stopreadingattheendofeachparagraph.
Inthemargin,writeabriefnoteonthemainpointoftheparagraph.
Ifyoucannotcapturethepointoftheparagraphinyourownwords,itmeansyouhavenotunderstoodwhatyouread.Youshouldstudytheparagraphagainbeforeyoumoveon.Whenyouhavecompletedthearticle,rereadtheParagraphKeynotes,andyouwillseethatyouhaveaquicksummaryofthemainpointsofthearticle.
奥鹏易百网
Becausemuchofyourreadingillschoolisdonefortests,summarywritingcanbeveryhelpful.Thesummaryliststhemainpoints,andwhenyouwishtorestudythatmaterial,youcanworkfromthesummary.
Learntothinkaboutwhatyoureadandtodiscussitwithotherpeople.Discussionisagoodwaytodevelopyourownideasandviewpoints.Readingcanexposeyoutoideas,butreadingisjustthestart.Theimportantthingiswhatyoudowithwhatyouread.
Youshouldbeabletodiscusswhatyouread.Itisimportanttorecallenoughofthedetailstotalkaboutthesubjectaccuratelyandintelligently.YourabilitytorecallwhatyoureadwillbehelpedbymakingaParagraphKeyandasummary.Makeitapracticetocheckwhatyourecalloftheimportantthingsyouread.
ReadwithquestionsinmindReadingtofindtheanswerstoquestionswillprovideyouwithamotivetoread.Itisnotenoughtosimplyreadthewords.Theimportantthingistousewhatyoureadtostimulateyourownideasandinquiries.
Therearedifferentwaystoreaddifferentthings.Thisbookwillguideyouinreadingsuchthingsasastory,anarticle,areport,andanewspaper.Eachoftheseiseasiertoreadifyouknowthebestmethod.
Howfastshouldyouread?Isspeedreadingavaluableskill?Thesearegoodquestions.Mostpeoplereadaboutasfastastheytalk,whichisabout150wordsperminute.Theirreactionspeedisdeterminedbytheirspeakingspeedbecausetheypronounceeachwordmentallyastheyread.
Silentpronunciationisnotnecessary,however.Youcanlearntolookatwordsandreadthemwithoutsayingthem.Thiswillincreasethespeedofyourreading.Thespeedexercisesinthisbookaredesignedtohelpyoulearntoreadwithoutsayingeachwordmentally.
Speedreadingisaskillthatneedsdailypractice.Itisavaluableskill,however,onlyifyoucomprehendandrememberwhatyouread.Agoodworkablespeedisabout300wordsperminute.Areadingspeedof500wordsperminuteisaboutasgoodastheaveragereaderreallyneedstohave.
Youcanbeabetterreader.Youcanmakereadingworkforyouifyoulearnhow.
Judgethefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse
1.Readingisanaturalskilllikebreathingorwalking.
2Justlikeacoachthisbookcanadviseyouhowtoreadmoreaccurately.
3Whileyouarereading,youshouldbeconcentratedonit.
4Ifyoucomeacrossnewwordsduringorafteryourreading,youshouldn’tusedictionary.
5Readingslowlycanincreaseyouraccuracyofcomprehension.
6Takingparagraphkeynotecanhelpyoutorememberwhatyouhaveread.
7.Summarycanhelpyoutoreviewthemateriallater.
8Usually,thereadingspeedisinfluencedbypeople’sspeakingspeedgreatly.
9Youcantrytoformyourownideaaboutthesubjectwhileyouarereading.
10Mostprobablythisshortessayisaprefacetoabookonreadingskills.









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I，Translation

II，Answerquestions
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III判断对错
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