东财《大学英语2》第一课拓展资源

奥鹏作业答案

第一课How to Improve Your Study Habits拓展资源
描写文
Description

     描写文是一种用语言对客观世界加以艺术和主观描绘的文体。它把对某一物体、人物、地方或景色的印象和了解细腻地表达出来，在读者面前再现它们的形象。其特点是描写的具体性、生动性和创造性。描写的细节要能表达主题。同时，应该注意描写的顺序，可按照空间位置顺序、时间顺序等进行写作。根据内容，描写文可分为人物描写和地点描写。  

   　1. 人物描写（Description of a Person）
　　人物描写主要是针对人物的外部特征、性格和形象进行描绘，有着重要的烘托作用。人物描写的功能多种多样，可以刻画人物性格特征，表现人物精神面貌，揭露人物内心活动，揭示人物身份境遇，显示人物性格变化，突出作品主题思想。为使描写形象逼真、线条清晰、性格鲜明，作者要善于观察，调动丰富的想像力和敏锐的判断力，抓住描写对象的独特之处，并精于语言技巧，用生动活泼的语言再现人物鲜明的形象和性格。

   Sample 1  
My sister is a boyish girl. She has short and straight hair like a boy's. She likes white, black and grey colors, as most boys do. She never cares for skirts, stockings but loves jackets and jeans. Sometimes she wears a men's suit and leather shores as if she were a gentleman. Basketball and football are her favorite sports. She also enjoys watching boxing. She always shouts and cheers excitedly when she is watching a football match. When she is with her friends, she always says "Ladies first" to other girls. The most interesting thing is that she has been mistaken for a boy many times. And she is pleased with that. She always says that she should be a boy.  
   第一句中作者明确表示他眼中的妹妹是个男孩子气十足的小姑娘。这样读者大都会在心中勾画出一个从长相、穿着到言谈举止都比较男性化的女孩。接下来作者正是通过穿着、外貌和性格等方面向读者展现了一个活生生的人物形象。  

    2. 地点描写（Description of a Place）
　　地点描写是指用生动形象的语言对地点或环境进行具体逼真的摹写描绘，使读者如睹其物、如临其境。在训练地点描写文的写作时，最好先练习一个十分熟悉的小地点，如教室、房间、商店、公园等，然后再练习描写一些较大的地点，如学校、街道、城市、国家等。要把地点描写得有形有神、可感可触，作者应尽力做到观察入微、重点突出、描写生动、信息量大、感染力强。这种描写通常有两种方法。
　　1）整体印象→细节描述（Overall Impression to Detailed Discussion）
　　这种方法的描写先给出地点全貌的鸟瞰，然后用细节叙述对整体印象加以描述。这种方法的特点是突出文章的主题，吸引读者。其具体的写法是：首先选定要描写的地点，譬如教室，想想这个教室给你留下什么突出的印象，并将这种印象概括为一句话，这句话便是该段的主题句，如"My classroom is very clean and tidy."，然后就描述它如何"clean"和"tidy"。
   Sample 2  
Hainan is China's largest special economic zone and youngest province. Since it was established ten years ago, the economic zone has experienced rapid development in many aspects. The comfortable residential quarters have been built up, highways have been constructed, and modem ports and airports have been built. Hainan, as a famous "natural greenhouse", also enjoys a lot of advantages in tropical agriculture. Hainan is also a scenic spot and it has quickly become a resort for holiday makers. The Hainan Special Economic Zone has a bright future.  
2）细节描述→整体印象（Detailed Discussion to Overall Impression）
　　这种方法正好与上述方法相反，它先列出描述性细节，然后归纳出整体印象。这种方法的特点是循序渐进，从具体到一般，能启迪读者的思维。其具体写法是：首先对描述对象进行细心观察，将其有意义的细节逐项列出，然后总结出整体印象，这时主题句往往置于段末。
   Sample 3  
Now I will show you around our school. When you step into the gate, you will see a beautiful flower bed before you. In the middle of the flower bed there is a fountain with many colored flowers around it. If you walk along the school road, you will come to the playground, on each side of which are rows of trees. We often read books under the trees. On the right of the playground are two classroom buildings. On the left is the newly-built four-storied building. It is one of the largest middle schools in the city. I'm lucky to study here. I love my school very much.
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