福师《大学英语（2）》第二课

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福师《大学英语（2）》第二课FAQ
名词性从句（二）
Nominal Clauses （II）  
1. 名词性从句在句中作主语
   从句在句中作主语时，其位置与陈述句基本结构中的主语相同，即放在主句谓语动词之前。但在某些情况下，可以由it充当形式主语，而把主语从句放在主句之后。例如：
That I was right is clear.  我是对的，这很清楚。
It is quite clear that the crime was done deliberately.  很明显这次犯罪是故意的。
That Professor Wang will come is certain.   王教授要来是确定无疑的。
It's a pity that Tom can not attend the English evening.   真可惜，汤姆不能参加英语晚会。
What caused the fire is still a mystery. 是什么引起了这次火灾仍然是一个谜。
What he said is not true.   他所说的不是真的。
Who was responsible for the accident is not clear. 谁为这次事故负责还不清楚。
Who is coming to the party is unknown.   谁来参加聚会，还不知道。
Why he left so suddenly is not known to any of us.  我们都不知道他为什么这么突然地离开。
Why Tom was late remains a puzzle.  汤姆为什么迟到还是一个谜。
How the book will sell depend on its author.  书卖得怎么样取决于它的作者。
How she got the prize is still a secret.  她怎样得到的那个奖还仍然是一个秘密。
Whether she comes or not doesn't concern me.  她来不来我不关心。
Whether he'll come or not has not been decided yet.   他是否来还没有决定。
Wherever he once lived is well preserved.   他曾住过的地方都被很好地保留了下来。
Where we will meet will be decided by you.  我们什么时候见面将由你来决定。  
Which team has won the game is not known.   哪个队赢了比赛，还不知道。  
When we will have the discussion depends on the teacher.   我们什么时候讨论将取决于老师。

2. 名词性从句在句中作同位语
  1） 同位语从句一般放在某些抽象名词，如news, fact, belief, idea, suggestion, advice等词之后，以具体说明这些名词所包含的内容。同位语从句一般由连词that和whether引导。例如：
The fact that honesty is the best policy is beyond doubt.  诚实至上这个事实是不容置疑的。
They had to face the fact that the nearest filling station is 30 miles away.  他们不得不面对这个事实，就是最近的加油站也在30英里以外。
My original question, why he did it at all, has not been answered.  我最先的问题，就是他到底为什么要做那件事，还没有被回答。
Have you any idea how soon they are coming?  你知不知道他们多快能来？
I have no idea how much of a scholar he is. 我不清楚他是怎样的一个学者。
We hold this truth that all men are created equal.  我们深信“人人生而平等”这一真理。
His suggestion that we hold the meeting next week cannot be accepted. 他有关下周开会的建议不能被接受。
The problem whether it is right or wrong has not yet been decided.   这件事是对是错尚无定论。
  2） 同位语从句和定语从句的区别如下：
① 定语从句中的关系代词that既连接先行词和从句，又指代先行词，在从句中充当成分（主语或宾语），that作宾语时可以省略；而同位语中的that是连词，只起连接主句和从句的作用，不在从句中充当任何成分，一般不可以省略。
② 定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述它的性质或特征；同位语从句等同于先行词，是名词性的，其功能是对名词作补充说明。
③ 同位语从句的先行词应该是表示抽象概念的名词，而定语从句的先行词可以是抽象概念的词，也可以是具体概念的词。
请比较：
The proposal that he put forward is to be discussed at the meeting.  他提出的建议将在会上讨论。（定语从句，that在从句中作put forward的宾语）
The proposal that we should import more equipment from abroad is to be discussed at the meeting.  我们应当从国外进口更多设备这个建议将在会议上讨论。（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分）
She received the message that you sent for her a few days ago.  你几天前发给她的消息她收到了。（定语从句，that作sent 的宾语）
She received the message that he would come by air.  她收到了他将乘飞机来的消息。（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分）

3. 名词性从句在句中作介词补足成分
   名词性从句在句中作介词补足成分也就是我们前面提到的充当介词的宾语。例如：
Before I came downstairs I had prepared myself very carefully for what I must say.  在下楼之前我就把必须要讲的内容好好准备了。
Laura's experiences show that if someone can do their job really well, then the question of whether they are male of female is not important.  劳拉的经历说明只要一个人的工作干得真的好，那么性别问题就不重要了。
You must give it back to whomever it belongs to.  你必须物归原主。

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