2.4 设立图书馆研究奖
美国高校馆通过设立面向本科生的研究奖项,支持本科生研究。马里兰大学帕克分校图书馆设立了本科生研究奖、荣誉学生奖、现代日本研究奖等面向本科生的奖项[13]。其中,荣誉学生奖由图书馆和该校荣誉学院合作设立,用于支持荣誉学生完成建议项目,强调学生在研究项目中运用扎实的研究方法和使用高质量的信息资源的重要性。该奖项旨在表彰在研究计划中寻找、评估和整合适当学术资源等方面表现出色的荣誉学生,以及在信息素养原则的综合方面表现卓越、以诚信和勤奋进行研究的荣誉学生。荣誉学生在大二时可以申请该奖项,需要提供一篇短文说明图书馆的工具和资源在促进其对研究过程的理解方面所起的作用,从图书馆员那里得到的指导,以及建议项目将对学科和社会产生的影响等。加州大学圣塔芭芭拉分校图书馆设立了本科生研究奖[14],该奖项旨在表彰学生在学术或创造性的作品中,对该馆的藏书、资源和服务的专业使用及综合运用。申报奖励的项目或作品需要在申报前一年完成,包括已经提交给“本科生研究大满贯”(Undergraduate Research Slam)和参加学术研讨会的项目,以及本校学分课程相关的项目;艺术装置、软件程序、音乐作品、电影或视频、数字项目或展览等具有创造性的作品。
3.4 注重提高本科生的研究技能
美国高校馆开展的研究咨询服务、为本科生提供的课程支持、嵌入本科生研究过程的服务等,体现了注重提高本科生的研究技能。加州大学伯克利分校图书馆数据实验室的数据馆员,几年来一直为教师奥尔尼的歧视经济学的上层社会研究研讨会(Olney’s upper-division research seminar in the Economics of Discrimination)提供帮助。学生们需要以种族、性别等为主题写一篇15~20页的学期论文,他们需要下载、清理、准备和分析相关数据。数据馆员根据学生感兴趣的主题,帮助学生选择数据源,获得更加丰富的数据,这使得学生完成的论文主题更加丰富,学生在数据馆员的帮助下提高了研究技能[10]。
[4]Hensley,M.K.,Shreeves,S.L.,Davis-Kahl,S.A survey of library support for formal undergraduate research programs[J].College and Research Libraries,2014,75(4):422-441.
[5]Douglass,K.Mack.What do You Give the Under⁃graduate Researcher who has Everything?An Academic Librarian[J].Journal of Academic Librarianship,2015,4(5):540-547.
[6]Johnson,M.E.,Mears,K.,Drescher,A.Creating the Arsenal: Augusta University’s Undergraduate Research Journal[J].Serials Librarian,2017,72(1-4):128-133.
[8]University of South Florida Library.USF Students ResearchConsultations[EB/OL].[2018-12-09].https://www.lib.usf.edu/services/forms/researchconsultation-request/.
[9]University of Minnesota Library.Peer Research Consultants[EB/OL].[2018-11-11].https://www.lib.umn.edu/services/prc.
[10]Belinda Archibong,Harrison Dekker,Nathan D.Grawe,et al.Forging on-campus connections to enhance undergraduate student reasoning,writing,and research skills[J].The Journal of Economic Education,2017,48(4):317-326.
[11]University of Iowa Library.Students Engage at Main[EB/OL].[2018-12-09].http://www.lib.uiowa.edu/seam/.
[12]Niimi M.The role of academic libraries in promoting undergraduate research:A case study of the university of california,berkeley[J].Library and Information Science,2014(71):51-74.
[13]University of Maryland—College Park Library.Award for Undergraduate Research[EB/OL].[2018-12-16].https://www.lib.umd.edu/about/awards.
[14]University of California—Santa Barbara Library.UCSB Library Award For Undergraduate Research[EB/OL].[2018-12-16].https://www.library.ucsb.edu/library-award-undergraduate-research.
[15]Harvard University Library.Houghton Library Under⁃graduate Fellowships[EB/OL].[2018-12-16].https://library.harvard.edu/about/grants-fellowships/houghton-library-undergraduate-fellowships#harp.
[16]Farney,T.A.,Byerley,S.L.Publishing a student research journal: A case study[J].Portal,2010,10(3):323-335.
[17]Exline,E.Extending the institutional repository to include undergraduate research[J].College and Under⁃graduate Libraries,2016,23(1):16-27.
[18]Leligdon,L.,Harding,K.Supporting Undergraduate Research Symposia in the Sciences: Integrated Library Programming and Services[J].Science and Technology Libraries,2017,36(4):390-401.
[19]University of Maryland—College Park Library.Intro to Research[EB/OL].[2018-12-16].https://www.lib.umd.edu/tl/welcome/library-skills-guides.
[20]Virginia Tech Library.Help with research[EB/OL].[2018-12-23].https://lib.vt.edu/help/undergrad.html.
[21]Vanderbilt University Library.Buchanan Library Fellowship[EB/OL].[2018-12-16].https://www.library.vanderbilt.edu/about/fellows/index.php.
[22]Wiebe,T.J.The library and undergraduate research in the liberal arts:Present contributions and future opportunities[J].College and Undergraduate Libraries,2016,23(3):223-251.
[23]Hensley,M.K.,Shreeves,S.L.,Davis-Kahl,S.A survey of campus coordinators of undergraduate research programs[J].College and Research Libraries,2015,76(7):975-995.
Undergraduate Research Support Services of University Libraries in the United States
È Lijun,MA Lan
Abstract This paper uses methods of literature review and website studies to investigate undergraduate research support services in the U.S.university libraries.These services include providing research consultation service and research space,offering courses for the undergraduate students,setting up research awards,establishing library fellowships,helping students to publish,preserve and demonstrate their research results,and offering guidance for research.The experiences of undergraduate research support services in these university libraries are accordingly summarized.Useful ideas and experiences which include conducting research on undergraduate research support services,providing space support,selecting students to provide research services for peer undergraduates,setting up tutor teams composed of librarians and others,offering undergraduate research awards,and strengthening of the publicity of undergraduate research support services,etc.,are suggested to libraries in China.
Keywords university libraries in the United States; library services for undergraduates; undergraduate research;research support services