北语19秋《阅读（IV）》作业4

奥鹏网院作业

【奥鹏】[北京语言大学]19秋《阅读（IV）》作业4
试卷总分100得分100

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北京语言大学作业
第1题CaliforniabornandStanfordeducatedJohnSteinbeckgainedprominenceduringtheGreatDepressionofthe1930sasanovelistwhocombinedthemesofsocialprotestwithabenignviewofhumannatureandabiologicalinterpretationofhumanexperienceacombinationthatgainedhimwidepopularityandprovidedthebasisforacareernotonlyinfictionbutalsoinjournalismthetheaterandfilms.
JohnErnstSteinbeckJr.wasbornin1902intheSalinasValleywhosesceneryagriculturalworkersandneerdowellpaisanosappearfrequentlyinhisfiction.HisfatherwastreasurerofMontereyCountyandhismotherwasaformerschoolteacher.TheirlibraryintroducedhimearlytosuchstandardauthorsasMiltonDostoevskyFlaubertGeorgeEliotandThomasHardy.HewasacontributortotheschoolnewspaperavarsityathleteandpresidentofhisgraduatingclassinhighschoolandheattendedStanfordUniversitysporadicallybetween1920and1925majoringinEnglishbutneverfinishedthedegree.HeworkedonranchesandonaroadgangbeforetryingfutilelytoestablishhimselfasawriterduringabriefstayinNewYorkCityin1926andheworkedinaCaliforniafishhatcheryandcampedintheSierrasbeforepublishinghisfirstnovelCupofGoldin1929.InthoseyearshereadD.H.LawrenceWillaCatherSherwoodAndersonandparticularlythenovelistsJamesBranchCabellandHemingwaywithenthusiasmbuthisperennialinterestsweretheclassicsofContinentalliteratureandtheancienthistorians.
In1930hemarriedandmovedtoPacificGroveCaliforniawherehisfatherprovidedahouseandsmallallowancetosupporthim.TwounsuccessfulnovelstreatingtheenchantmentoftheAmericanDreamandthecostofpursuingit(ThePasturesofHeaven1932andToaGodUnknown1933)precededhisfirstsuccessesTortillaFlatin1935andInDubiousBattlein1936.Thefirstwasanepisodicwarmlyhumoroustreatmentofabandofpaisanos(amixtureofSpanishIndianandCaucasianstrands).TheirpicturesqueandshiftlesswaysnaiveaffectionfortheirchurchmysticalappreciationofnatureandloyaltytotheirbandaregiventheairoflegendandlikenedtothetalesofKingArthursRoundTable.Theseconddealswithastrikeamongfruitpickersitsdefeatbythelandownerswiththeirvigilantesandtheeffortsofcommunistorganizersfirsttoorganizethestrikeandthentoexploittheworkers.
Question&quotPaisanos&quotmeans________.
A、richpeople
B、poorpeople
C、peasants
D、laborers
正确答案
第2题CaliforniabornandStanfordeducatedJohnSteinbeckgainedprominenceduringtheGreatDepressionofthe1930sasanovelistwhocombinedthemesofsocialprotestwithabenignviewofhumannatureandabiologicalinterpretationofhumanexperienceacombinationthatgainedhimwidepopularityandprovidedthebasisforacareernotonlyinfictionbutalsoinjournalismthetheaterandfilms.
JohnErnstSteinbeckJr.wasbornin1902intheSalinasValleywhosesceneryagriculturalworkersandneerdowellpaisanosappearfrequentlyinhisfiction.HisfatherwastreasurerofMontereyCountyandhismotherwasaformerschoolteacher.TheirlibraryintroducedhimearlytosuchstandardauthorsasMiltonDostoevskyFlaubertGeorgeEliotandThomasHardy.HewasacontributortotheschoolnewspaperavarsityathleteandpresidentofhisgraduatingclassinhighschoolandheattendedStanfordUniversitysporadicallybetween1920and1925majoringinEnglishbutneverfinishedthedegree.HeworkedonranchesandonaroadgangbeforetryingfutilelytoestablishhimselfasawriterduringabriefstayinNewYorkCityin1926andheworkedinaCaliforniafishhatcheryandcampedintheSierrasbeforepublishinghisfirstnovelCupofGoldin1929.InthoseyearshereadD.H.LawrenceWillaCatherSherwoodAndersonandparticularlythenovelistsJamesBranchCabellandHemingwaywithenthusiasmbuthisperennialinterestsweretheclassicsofContinentalliteratureandtheancienthistorians.
In1930hemarriedandmovedtoPacificGroveCaliforniawherehisfatherprovidedahouseandsmallallowancetosupporthim.TwounsuccessfulnovelstreatingtheenchantmentoftheAmericanDreamandthecostofpursuingit(ThePasturesofHeaven1932andToaGodUnknown1933)precededhisfirstsuccessesTortillaFlatin1935andInDubiousBattlein1936.Thefirstwasanepisodicwarmlyhumoroustreatmentofabandofpaisanos(amixtureofSpanishIndianandCaucasianstrands).TheirpicturesqueandshiftlesswaysnaiveaffectionfortheirchurchmysticalappreciationofnatureandloyaltytotheirbandaregiventheairoflegendandlikenedtothetalesofKingArthursRoundTable.Theseconddealswithastrikeamongfruitpickersitsdefeatbythelandownerswiththeirvigilantesandtheeffortsofcommunistorganizersfirsttoorganizethestrikeandthentoexploittheworkers.
QuestionAsastudentatschoolSteinbeckwasallthefollowingexcept________.
A、aschoolnewspaperreporter
B、anathlete
C、presidentoftheschool
D、anEnglishmajor
正确答案
第3题You____mebecauseIdidntsayanythinglikethat.
A、mustmisunderstand
B、maymisunderstand
C、musthavemisunderstood
D、couldhavemisunderstood
正确答案
第4题Thestorywassaidtohavebeenbasedontheinformationfromareliable____.
A、source
B、foundation
C、origin
D、basis
正确答案
第5题Hadheworkedharderhe____theexams.
A、musthavegotthrough
B、couldgetthrough
C、wouldgetthrough
D、wouldhavegotthrough
正确答案
第6题Youngpeopleshouldhavetherighttocontrolanddirecttheirownlearningthatistodecidewhattheywanttolearnandwhenwherehowhowmuchhowfastandwithwhathelptheywanttolearnit.TobestillmorespecificIwantthemtohavetherighttodecideifwhenhowmuchandbywhomtheywanttobetaughtandtherighttodecidewhethertheywanttolearninaschoolandifsowhichoneandforhowmuchofthetime.
Nohumanrightexcepttherighttolifeitselfismorefundamentalthanthis.Apersonsfreedomoflearningispartofhisfreedomofthoughtevenmorebasicthanhisfreedomofspeech.Ifwetakefromsomeonehisrighttodecidewhathewillbecuriousaboutwedestroyhisfreedomofthought.Wesayineffectyoumustthinknotaboutwhatinterestsandconcernsyoubutaboutwhatinterestsandconcernsus.
Thisrightofeachofustocontrolourownlearningisnowindanger.Whenweputintoourlawsthehighlyauthoritariannotionthatsomeoneshouldandcoulddecidewhatallyoungpeopleweretolearnandbeyondthatcoulddowhatevermightseemnecessary(whichnowincludesdosingthemwithdrugs)tocompelthemtolearnitwetookalongstepdownaverysteepanddangerouspath.Therequirementthatachildgotoschoolforaboutsixhoursaday180daysayearforabouttenyearswhetherornothelearnsanythingtherewhetherornothealreadyknowsitorcouldlearnitfasterorbettersomewhereelseissuchagrossviolationofcivillibertiesthatfewadultswouldstandforit.Butthechildwhoresistsistreatedasacriminal.Withthisrequirementwecreatedanindustryanarmyofpeoplewhosewholeworkwastotellyoungpeoplewhattheyhadtolearnandtotrytomakethemlearnit.Someofthesepeoplewantingtoexerciseevenmorepoweroverothersortobeevenmore&quothelpful&quotarenowbeginningtosay&quotIfcompulsoryeducationisgoodforchildrenwhywouldntitbegoodforeveryone?Ifitisagoodthinghowcantherebetoomuchofit?&quot
TheyarebeginningtotalkasonemandidonanationwideTVshowabout&quotwombtotomb&quotschooling.Ifhoursofhomeworkeverynightaregoodfortheyoungwhywouldnttheybegoodforusall—theywouldkeepusawayfromtheTVsetandotherfrivolouspursuits.Somegroupofexpertssomewherewouldbegladtodecidewhatwealloughttoknowandthenverysooftencheckuponustomakesureweknewit—withofcourseappropriatepenaltiesifwedidnot.
QuestionThephrase&quotwombtotomb&quotschoolingprobablymeansthat_______.
A、learningisfromyoungtoold
B、learningisdisastrous
C、learningisunnecessary
D、learningisnotalwayshelpful
正确答案
第7题CaliforniabornandStanfordeducatedJohnSteinbeckgainedprominenceduringtheGreatDepressionofthe1930sasanovelistwhocombinedthemesofsocialprotestwithabenignviewofhumannatureandabiologicalinterpretationofhumanexperienceacombinationthatgainedhimwidepopularityandprovidedthebasisforacareernotonlyinfictionbutalsoinjournalismthetheaterandfilms.
JohnErnstSteinbeckJr.wasbornin1902intheSalinasValleywhosesceneryagriculturalworkersandneerdowellpaisanosappearfrequentlyinhisfiction.HisfatherwastreasurerofMontereyCountyandhismotherwasaformerschoolteacher.TheirlibraryintroducedhimearlytosuchstandardauthorsasMiltonDostoevskyFlaubertGeorgeEliotandThomasHardy.HewasacontributortotheschoolnewspaperavarsityathleteandpresidentofhisgraduatingclassinhighschoolandheattendedStanfordUniversitysporadicallybetween1920and1925majoringinEnglishbutneverfinishedthedegree.HeworkedonranchesandonaroadgangbeforetryingfutilelytoestablishhimselfasawriterduringabriefstayinNewYorkCityin1926andheworkedinaCaliforniafishhatcheryandcampedintheSierrasbeforepublishinghisfirstnovelCupofGoldin1929.InthoseyearshereadD.H.LawrenceWillaCatherSherwoodAndersonandparticularlythenovelistsJamesBranchCabellandHemingwaywithenthusiasmbuthisperennialinterestsweretheclassicsofContinentalliteratureandtheancienthistorians.
In1930hemarriedandmovedtoPacificGroveCaliforniawherehisfatherprovidedahouseandsmallallowancetosupporthim.TwounsuccessfulnovelstreatingtheenchantmentoftheAmericanDreamandthecostofpursuingit(ThePasturesofHeaven1932andToaGodUnknown1933)precededhisfirstsuccessesTortillaFlatin1935andInDubiousBattlein1936.Thefirstwasanepisodicwarmlyhumoroustreatmentofabandofpaisanos(amixtureofSpanishIndianandCaucasianstrands).TheirpicturesqueandshiftlesswaysnaiveaffectionfortheirchurchmysticalappreciationofnatureandloyaltytotheirbandaregiventheairoflegendandlikenedtothetalesofKingArthursRoundTable.Theseconddealswithastrikeamongfruitpickersitsdefeatbythelandownerswiththeirvigilantesandtheeffortsofcommunistorganizersfirsttoorganizethestrikeandthentoexploittheworkers.
QuestionInDubiousBattlegivesadescriptionof________.
A、agroupofpaisanosloyaltotheirband
B、KingArthursRoundTable
C、thedefeatofastrikebythelandowners
D、soldiersfightingforfreedom
正确答案
第8题Letsaddressthequestionofwhetherspeedreadingisevenadesirablegoal.Iamanavidfictionreader.Consciouslyorunconsciouslyreadersoffictionappreciatethebeautyingoodwriting.OccasionallyIwillreadapassageorsentenceovertobeimpressedbytheopeningsentencesofErnestHemingwaysTheOldManandtheSeaTheDarkandHerman.
IfIwasadeterminedspeedreaderIwouldneverhavethetimetoappreciatethesebeautifulpassages.AndIdneverhavethetimetosavorthedevelopmentofacharacterlikeRhettButlertheGreatGatsbyorCaptainAhab.Goodwritersmustbereadcarefullyandthoughtfullytobefullyappreciated.
Tocarrythequestionoftheneedforrapidreadingabitfurtherletsconsiderthetechnicaloreducationalmaterialmostofusmustreadforourjobs.Ifyouworkinatechnicalfield—andmostbusinessandprofessionalpeopledo—youdbetterreadslowlyandcarefully.Almostallbusinessestodayaresubjecttofederalregulationstosomedegree.IfyoumustreadtheFederalRegistertheCodeofFederalRegulationstheOSHAHandbookorothertechnicalmaterialsrelateddirectlytoyourjobIdurgeyoutotakeyourtime.Amisreadingcouldbecostlyordamagingtoyourfirm.Ontheotherhandnewspapersnewsmagazinesandotherpublicationsshouldbereadwithsomedegreeofspeed.Hereswhereageneralknowledgeofspeedreadingtechniquesmightbeuseful.Especiallysincethatisthemostcommontypeofreadingwedo.
Anyonecanimprovetheirreadingefficiently.Todosoyoumustlearnsomebasictechniquesandthenconsciouslyapplythem.Perhapsanexpensivecoursewouldhelpyoubutaninexpensivepaperbackandconcentratedpracticemightprovideasmuchlongtermbenefit.Inanycaseyoulosenothingbytryingtheselfhelpapproach.
QuestionOnetypeofprintedmaterialtheauthorthinkscanbereadquicklyis________.
A、abusinessletter
B、adictionary
C、anewsmagazine
D、apoem
正确答案
第9题Fromthemomentthatananimalisbornithastomakedecisions.Ithastodecidewhichofthethingsarounditareforeatingandwhicharetobeavoidedwhentoattackandwhentorunaway.Theanimalisineffectplayingacomplicatedandpotentiallyverydangerousgamewithitsenvironmentdiscomfortordestruction.
Thisisadifficultandunpleasantbusinessandfewanimalswouldsurviveiftheyhadtostartfromthebeginningandlearnabouttheworldwhollybytrialanderrorfortherearetoomanypossibledecisionswhichwouldprovefatal.Sowefindinpracticethatthegameisalwaysarrangedinfavoroftheyounganimalinonewayoranother.Eithertheanimalisprotectedduringtheearlystagesofitslearningabouttheworldarounditortheknowledgeofwhichwaytorespondisbuiltintoitsnervoussystemfromthestart.
Thefactthatanimalsbehavesensiblycanbeattributedpartlytowhatwemightcallgeneticlearningtodistinguishitfromindividuallearningthatananimaldoesinthecauseofitsownlifetime.Geneticlearningislearningbyaspeciesasawholeanditisachievedbyselectionofthosemembersofeachgenerationthathappentobehaveintherightway.Howevergeneticlearningdependsuponapredictionthatthefuturewillmoreorlessexactlyresemblethepast.Themorevariableindividualexperienceislikelytobethelessefficientisgeneticlearningasameansofgettingovertheproblemsofthesurvivalgame.Itisnotsurprisingtofindthatveryfewspeciesindeeddependwhollyupongeneticlearning.Inthegreatmajorityofanimalsbehaviorisacompoundofindividualexperienceandgeneticlearningtobehaveinparticularways.
QuestionMostanimalssurvivebecausetheycanmakerightdecisionsby________.
A、aseriesoftrialsanderrors    奥鹏作业答案
北京语言大学作业
B、knowledgeobtainedintheirlifetime
C、thenervoussystem
D、geneticlearningandindividualexperience
正确答案
第10题IwishI____tostudyEnglishyearsago.
A、hadstarted
B、started
C、couldstard
D、wouldstart
正确答案
第11题Theoldpeopleoftenraise____forthesakeofcompanionship.
A、pets
B、pipes
C、pills
D、pies
正确答案
第12题AlsoservingtoproduceadistinctiveusagewasthepracticeofdistinguishingasonfromafatherbytheuseofJunior.ThistypicallyAmericanpracticebeganinthemiddleoftheeighteenthcenturywhenmostgentlemenhadsomeknowledgeofLatinandwerefamiliarwiththeuseofthetermJuniortranslatedoftenintoEnglishas&quottheyounger&quotasappliedtosuchLatinworthiesasCatoandPliny.Thepracticewassowellestablishedby1776thatthreesignersoftheDeclarationaddedtheJr.Agai.BritishcustomhasbeendifferentthesecondofapairofgreatstatesmenisknownasWilliamPitttheyounger.
Stillanotherimportantmovementbeginningaround1750wastheriseofthenameCharles.EarlierCharlesishardlyfoundatallinNewEnglandandisrareintheothercolonies.Afterthatitsgrowthwasnotonlysteadybutevenspectacular.By1850ithadbecomeoneofthecommonestnamesandithasremainedclosetothetopsincethattime.ItscuriousnicknameChuckistypicallyAmerican.
AlmostatanequalpacewiththeriseofCharlestheuseofBiblicalnameseveninNewEnglandbegantofalloff.EbenezerandevenSamuelandBenjamincametohaveaboutthemanoldfashionedaura.
Thefactsareclearenoughthecausesremainobscure.Immigrationprobablyhadlittletodowithsuchchanges.EnglishinfluenceattheideallevelmayhavehelpedthegrowthofCharles.DuringthesesamedecadesthenamewasincreasinginpopularitytherewhereSirCharlesGrandisonwasamuchreadnovelandBoniePrinceCharliehadgiventhenamearenewedvogueamongthosewhostillheldsentimentallytotheStuarts.ButmostoftheothernewdevelopmentsseemtobewhollynativeandeventoruncountertoBritishpractice.
QuestionThefinalparagraphmainlydiscusses________.
A、hownovelshelpedthepopularityofcertainnames
B、newdevelopmentsinnaminghabitsofAmericans
C、immigrationandnaminghabitsofAmericans
D、CharlesthemostpopularnameinAmerica
正确答案
第13题Heusedtogetuplate____?
A、didnothe
B、didhe
C、didnthe
D、usehe
正确答案
第14题Inordertobuyherhouseshehadtoobtaina____fromthebank.
A、finance
B、capital
C、loan
D、debt
正确答案
第15题Ihopethereis____forthedoctorinyourcar.
A、seat
B、room
C、place
D、corner
正确答案
第16题Americansarepoundoftheirvarietyandindividualityyettheyloveandrespectfewthingsmorethanauniformwhetheritistheuniformofanelevatoroperatorortheuniformofafivestargeneral.WhyareuniformssopopularintheUnitedStates?Amongtheargumentsforuniformsoneofthefirstisthatintheeyesofmostpeopletheylookmoreprofessionalthancivilian（百姓的）clothes.Peoplehavebecomeconditionedtoexpectsuperiorqualityfromamanwhowearsauniform.thetelevisionrepairmanwhowearsuniformtendstoinspiremoretrustthanonewhoappearsincivilianclothes.Faithintheskillofagaragemechanicisincreasedbyauniform.Whateasierwayisthereforanurseapolicemanabarberorawaitertoloseprofessionalidentity（身份）thantostepoutofuniform?Uniformsalsohavemanypracticalbenefits.Theysaveonotherclothes.Theysaveonlaundrybills.Theyaretaxdeductible（可减税的）.Theyareoftenmorecomfortableandmoredurablethancivilianclothes.Primaryamongtheargumentsagainstuniformsistheirlackofvarietyandtheconsequentlossofindividualityexperiencedbypeoplewhomustwearthem.Thoughtherearemanytypesofuniformsthewearerofanyparticulartypeisgenerallystuckwithitwithoutchangeuntilretirement.Whenpeoplelookaliketheytendtothinkspeakandactsimilarlyonthejobatleast.Uniformsalsogiverisetosomepracticalproblems.Thoughtheyarelonglastingoftentheirinitialexpenseisgreaterthanthecostofcivilianclothes.Someuniformsarealsoexpensivetomaintainrequiringprofessionaldrycleaningratherthanthehomelaunderingpossiblewithmanytypesofcivilianclothes.
QuestionThechieffunctionofauniformisto____.
A、providepracticalbenefitstothewearer
B、makethewearercatchthepubiceye
C、inspirethewearer’sconfidenceinhimself
D、providethewearerwithaprofessionalidentity
正确答案
第17题Wesubstitutefish____meatseveraltimesaweek.
A、for
B、with
C、to
D、and
正确答案
第18题Sinceyouwonttakeadvicethereisno____inaskingforit.
A、place
B、point
C、reason
D、way
正确答案
第19题Itistimethegovernment____thelawintoeffect.
A、isputting
B、put
C、puts
D、willput
正确答案
第20题YhudiMenuhinwhodiedinBerlinonMarch121999attheageof82wasachildprodigywhofulfilledhispromisetobecomeoneoftheworldsforemostviolinistsbeforeextendinghisrangetoteachingandconducting.
ThegentlyspokenU.S.bornvirtuosobecameasrenownedforhisdevotiontohumanecausesasforhismasteryoftheviolin.
Thespotlighthasbeenonhimsincehisdebutatsevenin1924.Bythetimehewas13hehadperformedinParisLondonandNewYork.InBerlinhisperformancepromptedphysicistAlbertEinsteintoexclaim&quotNowIknowthereisaGodinHeaven.&quot
Reportedlytheworldshighestpaidmusicianinthe1930shisstrivingforperfectionmadehimalegend.Menuhinsaidtheviolinmadeitsowndemands&quotAlmostlikeapagangoddessexactingacertaintribute.&quot
Whenhewas38oneNewYorknewspaperwrote&quotThefreshnessanduniquepurityofhisplayingisexhilarating.Nootherviolinisthassuchspeakingeloquenceinthetonealone.&quot
Hegaveuppublicviolinperformancesinhis70s.Hishearingwasalittleimpairedbythenandhehadtakenonmanymoreinterests.Buthisconductingwasstillfullofenergyandhistravelschedulegrueling.
&quotIfeelthatwhatIvelearnedinmusicIcanapplytoawiderepertoirewhichisfunbecauseIamexploringnewterrain&quothesaidinaninterviewatthetimeofhis80thbirthday.
&quotButIfeelnodesirenowtospendhoursworkingawayagainatsomethingwhichImyselfinthepastandotherpeoplecanplayfarbetterthanIcannow.Idontseethepoint.&quot
ABritishcitizensince1985andalifepeersince1993—BaronMenuhinofStokedAbernonintheCountyofSurrey—hehadaschoolinEnglandandanacademyinSwitzerlandforyoungmusicianswhomheoftenconducts.
HehasalsohelpedfoundvariousmusicalfestivalsheldtheNehruPeacePrizeandwasagoodwillambassadorforUNESCO.
Whilepursuinginterestssuchastheenvironmentorganicfarmingalternativemedicineeducationandtheplightofgypsieshestickstoalongstandinghealthydietandyoga.
&quotIdontsquandermyenergies.Keepmyselfinfairlygoodtrim.Istandonmyheadeverymorning.Conductingisawonderfulexercisebecauseituseseveryfaculty&quothesays.
QuestionInhis70sMenuhin___________.
A、continuedtogiveviolinperformancesinpublic
B、wasstillbusytravellingaround
C、concentratedonconducting
D、hadimpairedhishearing
正确答案
第21题Heletmeusehiscomputerand____returnItreatedhimtodinner.
A、for
B、as
C、in
D、of
正确答案
第22题____Iwantbadlyisanewsportscar.
A、Allthat
B、Allwhat
C、Allwhich
D、Thethingwhat
正确答案
第23题Imverysorry____thewholemorning.Iforgottheappointment.
A、tokeepyouwait
B、tohavekeptyouwaiting
C、tokeeyyouwaiting
D、tokeepyoutowait
正确答案
第24题Nowthecommittee____sevenmembers.
A、consistof
B、isconsistingof
C、isconsistedof
D、consistsof
正确答案
第25题Soonhegot____hisdifficultiesandsucceeded.
A、across
B、away
C、over
D、through
正确答案

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北京语言大学作业