奥鹏网院作业 发表于 2016-8-26 22:55:32

《高级英语阅读（二）》Onmyfirstdayasanassistantprofessorofeducatio...

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IReadLesson8，TextA“TheGirlintheFifthRow”，translatethefollowingtwosentencesintoChinese.(阅读教材《高级英语阅读教程（下册）》第八课课文A，翻译以下句子)
OnmyfirstdayasanassistantprofessorofeducationattheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia,Ienteredtheclassroomwithagreatdealofanxiety.Mylargeclassrespondedtomyawkwardsmileandbriefgreetingwithsilence.ForafewmomentsIfussedwithmynotes.ThenIstartedmylecture,stammeringnooneseemedtobelistening.
IIReadlesson3,TextA“TotheVictorBelongstheLanguage”,answerthefollowingQuestions(阅读教材第三课课文A，回答问题)：
TotheVictorBelongstheLanguage
ByRitaMaeBrown
Languageistheroadmapofaculture.Ittellsyouwhereitspeoplecomefromandwheretheyaregoing.AstudyoftheEnglishlanguagerevealsadramatichistoryandastonishingversatility.Itisthelanguageofsurvivors,ofconquerors,oflaughter.
Awordismorelikeapendulumthanafixedentity.Itcansweepbyyourearandthroughitsverysoundsuggesthiddenmeaningspreconsciousassociations.Listentothesewords&quotblood,&quot&quottranquil,&quot&quotdemocracy.Besidestheirliteralmeanings,theycarryassociationsthatareculturalaswellaspersonal.
奥鹏易百网
Onewordcanillustratethisideaofmeaninginflux&quotrevolution.&quotThewordentersEnglishinthe14thcenturyfromLatinviaFrench.(Atleastthatswhenitwasfirstwrittenitmayhavebeenspokenearlier.)&quotRevolution&quotmeansaturningaroundthatwashowitwasused.Mostoften&quotrevolutionwasappliedtoastronomytodescribeaplanetrevolvinginspace.Thewordcarriednopoliticalmeaning.
&quotRebellion&quotwastheloadedpoliticalword.IttoocomesfromLatin(asdoesabout60percentofourwordpool),anditmeansarenewalofwar.IntheI4thcentury&quotrebellion&quotwasusedtoindicatearesistancetolawfulauthority.Thiscanyieldamusingresults.Whicheversidewoncalledthelosersrebels—they,thewinners,beingtherepositoriesofvirtueandmoregunpowder.Thismeaninglingerstoday.TheConfederatefightersarecalledrebels.SincetheNorthwonthatwar,itcanbedismissedasarebellionandnotcalledarevolution.Whoeverwinsthewarredefinesthelanguage.
&quotRevolution&quotdidnotacquireapoliticalmeaninginEnglishuntilatleastthe16thcentury.Itsmeaning—acircularmovement—wasstilltiedtoitsoriginbuthadspilledoverintopolitics.Itcouldnowmeanaturnaroundinpower.Thisismorecomplicatedthanyoumightthink.
The16thcentury,vibrant,cruel,progressive,heldasapersistentpopularimagethewheeloffortune—animagefamiliartoanyonewhohasplayedwithatarotdeck.Humanbeingsdangleonagiantwheel.Someareonthebottomturningupward,someareonthetop,andsomearehurtlingtowardtheground.ItsasgoodanimageasanyforthesuddentwistsandturnsofFate,LifeortheHumanCondition.Thisideawassodominantatthetimethattheword&quotrevolution&quotabsorbeditsmeaning.Insteadofacardoracomplicatedexplanationofthewheeloffortune,thatonewordcapturedtheconcept.Itsaconceptwewoulddowelltoremember.
Politically,&quotrebellion&quotwasstillthemorepotentword.CromwellsseizureofstatepowerinthemidI7thcenturycametobecalledtheGreatRebellionbecauseCharlesⅡfollowedCromwellintherestorationofmonarchy.Cromwelldidntcallhisownactionsrebellious.InI689whenWilliamandMarytookoverthethroneofEngland,theeventwastaggedtheGloriousRevolution.&quotRevolution&quotisbenignhereandpoliticallyinferiorinintensityto&quotrebellion&quot.
By1796ashiftoccurredand&quotrevolutionhadcometomeanthesubversionoroverthrowoftyrants.Rebellion,specifically,wasasubversionofthelaws.Revolutionwaspersonal.SowehadtheAmericanRevolution,whichdumpedGeorgeIIIoutoftheColonies,andtheFrenchRevolution,whichgaveusthemurderofLouisXVIandthespectacleofanationdevouringitself.IfyoureaMarxistyoucanrecastthattomeanoneclassdestroyinganother.Atanyrate,theFrenchRevolutionwasabloodbathand&quotrevolution&quotbegantogetabadnameasfarasmonarchistswereconcernedandholysignificanceasfarasJacobinswereconcerned.Bythattime&quotrevolution&quotwasdevelopingintothewordweknowtoday—notjusttheoverthrowofatyrantbutactionbasedonbeliefinanewprinciple.Revolutionbecameapoliticalidea,notjustapoliticalact.
TheRussianRevolution,theChineseRevolution,theCubanRevolution—bynow&quotrevolution&quotisthepowerfulword,not&quotrebellion.Inthelate1960sandearly1970syoungAmericansusedtheword&quotrevolution&quotindiscriminately.True,theywantedpoliticalpower,theywereopposedtotyrantsandbelievedinanewpoliticalprinciple(oranoldone,dependingonyouroutlook)calledparticipatorydemocracy.However,thatperiodofunrest,withitsattendantcreativity,didnotproducearevolution.Thewordquicklybecamecorrupteduntilbythe80s&quotrevolutionwasawordusedtosellrunningshoes.
Whithergoestthou,Revolution?
1.Whatistheimpliedmeaningofthelastsentenceofparagraph1“Itisthelanguageofsurvivors,ofconquerors,oflaughter”
2,Canyougivesomeotherexamplesin　EnglishorinChinesetoshowthatlanguageisconstantlychanging?
IIIReadlesson1TextB,DoTrueorFalseQuestions（阅读教材第1课课文B，判断对错）
IBecameHerTarget
Myfavoriteteachersnamewas&quotDeadEye&quotBean.HerrealnamewasDorothy.ShetaughtAmericanhistorytoeighthgradersinthejuniorhighsectionofCreston,thehighschoolthatservedthenorthendofGrandRapids,Mich.Itwasthefallof1944.FranklinD.Rooseveltwaspresident
AmericantroopswerebattlingtheirwayacrossFranceJoeDiMaggiowasstillintheservicetheMontgomerybusboycottwasmorethanadecadeaway,andIwasa12yearoldblacknewcomerinaschoolthatwasotherwiseallwhite.Mymother,whohadbeenawidowinNewYork,hadmarriedmystepfather,aGrandRapidsphysician,theyearbefore,andhehadboughtthebesthousehecouldaffordforhisnewfamily.Theproblemforournewneighborswasthattheirneighborhoodhadpreviouslybeenpristine(intheirterms)andtheywereignorantaboutblackpeople.Theprevailingwisdomintheneighborhoodwasthatwewerespoilingitandthatweoughttogobackwherewebelonged(or,alternatively,oughtnottointrudewherewewerenotwanted).Therewasalotofangrytalkamongtheadults,butnothingmuchcameofit.
Butsomeofthekids,thosefirstfewweeks,werequitenasty.Theythrewstonesatme,chasedmehomewhenIwasonfootandspatonmybikeseatwhenIwasinclass.Foratime,Iwasaprettylonely,friendlessandsometimesfrightenedkid.IwasjusttransplantedfromHarlem,andhereinGrandRapids,thedominantculturewasspeakingtomeinsistently.
IcanseenowthatthoseyoungsterswerebullyingandIwasculturallydisadvantaged.Iknewthenthattheywerebigoted(偏执的),buttheculturespoketomemorepowerfullythanmymindandIfeltashamedforbeingdifferentanonstandardperson.InowknowthatDorothyBeanunderstoodmostofthatanddisapprovedofit.SothingsbegantochangewhenIwalkedintoherclassroom.Shewasapleasantlookingsinglewoman,wholookedoldandwrinkledtomeatthetime,butwhowasprobablyabout40.
Whereasmyotherteachersapproachedtheproblemofeasingintheirnewblackpupilbyignoringhimforthefirstfewweeks,Mrs.Beanwentrightatme.Onthemorningafterhavingreadourfirstassignment,sheaskedmethefirstquestion.IlatercametoknowthatinGrandRapids,shewasviewedasapersonwhobelieved,amongotherthings,thatNegroeswereequal.
Iansweredherquestionandthefollowup.Theywerentbrilliantanswers,buttheydidestablishthefactthatIhadreadtheassignmentandthatIcouldspeakEnglish.Laterinthehour,whenoneofmyclassmateshadfailedtogiveananswer,Miss.Beancamebacktomewithaquestionthatrequiredmetocleanupthegirlsmessandestablishedmeasasmartperson.
Thus,theteacherbegantogivemehumandimensions,thoughnotperfectonesforaneighthgrader.Itwassomewhatbettertobeateacherspetthanmerelyadarkpresenceinthebackoftheroom.Afewdayslater,MissBeanbecamethefirstteacherevertorequiremetothink.SheaskedmyopinionaboutsomethingJeffersonhaddone.Inthosedays,allmyopinionswerederivative(缺乏独创性的).IwasforRooseveltbecausemyparentswereandIwasfortheYankeesbecausemyolderbuddyfromHarlemwasaYankeefan.Besides,wedidnthaveopinionsabouthistoricalfigureslikeJefferson.LikeourhighschoolbuildingorMayorWelch,hejustwas.
AfterIstaredatherforafewseconds,shesaid&quotWell,shouldhehaveboughtLousianaornot?&quot
&quotIguessso,&quotIrepliedtentatively.
&quotWhy?&quotsheshotback.
Why?Whatkindofquestionwasthat,Icomplainedsilently.ButIventuredananswer.Dayafterday,shekeptdoingthattome,andmyanswersbecamestrongerandmoreconfident.ShewasthefirstteachertogivemethesensethatthinkingwaspartofeducationandthatIcouldformopinionsthathadsomevalue.
HerfinalservicetomecameonadaywhenmymindwaswanderingandIwasidlydiggingmypencilintothewritingsurfaceonthearmofmychair.MissBeansuddenlythrewahunkofgumeraseratme.Byamazingchance,ithitmyhandandsentthepencilflying.Shegasped,andIcrept(爬)shamefacedlyaftermypencilastheclassroared.Thatwastheicebreaker.
Afterward,kidscameuptometolaughabout&quotOldDeadEyeBean.&quotTheincidentbecamealegend,andI,apartofthatstory,becameapersontotalkto.
1.ThestoryhappenedduringtheSecondWorldWar.
2.Iwasnottheonlyblackkidintheschool.
3.Thechildrenintheneighborhoodarenotfriendlytomebuttheadultsdidn’tdiscriminateus.
4.IwasjustmovedfromanotherplacetoGrandRapids.
5.DorothyBeanwasanoldkindteacher.
6.Theotherteachersneglectedtheirblackpupilintheirclass.
7.DorothyBeanbelievedthatNegroeswereequalwiththewhites.
8.DorothyBeanwanttoshowhercaretomebyaskingmequestions.
9.ItisDorothyBeanwhotaughtmehowtothink.
10.IdislikedMissbeanfinallybecauseshethrewthegumeraseratmewhichmademelaughedatbymyclassmates.





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I，Translation

II，Answerquestions
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III判断对错
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