福建师范大学19年8月课程考试《高级英语阅读(一) 》作业考核试题
福建师范大学19年8月课程考试《高级英语阅读(一)》作业考核试题（答案）福建师范大学网络与继续教育学院
《高级英语阅读(一)》期末考试A卷
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答案务必写在答题纸上，否则不得分！
一、单项选择题（答案务必写在答题纸上，60分，每题2分）
IChoosetheonewordorphrasethatbestcompletesthesentence.
1.Itisnotsoeasytokeepthe___childrenintheeveningpartyquiet.
A.wildB.boisterousC.clumsyD.Violent
2.The__manwhobreakintothepartywaslookeddownuponbyallthepeoplepresent.
A.gracefulB.stubbornC.insistentD.boorish
3..TheChinesegovernmentistryingto___theharmofthefinancialcrisis..
A.detractBminimizeCgearDdiscredit
4.Alotofpeopletodayare___illusionsanddon’twanttowakeup.
.AeatingawayatB.fedupwithC.obsessedwithD.takingpridein
5.Ican’t___tomygrandpathathemuststayinbednow.
A.getthroughB.getonC.getoffD.getover
6.Litigating?a?divorce?is?____?a?warinwhichboththemanandthewomanwon’tgivein.
A.parallelinB.sameasC.akintoD.contraryto
7.Itisawisechoiceto___thepossibilityofarainbeforeyouplanforagardenparty.
A.checkwithB.checkonC.checkinD.checkthrough
8.TheUSCongressisthe___oftheAustralianParliament.
A.correlationB.opponentC.counterpartD.complement
9.Manychildrenliketochoose____foodwithoutconsideringtheirnutrition.
A.tastefulB.distastefulC.savoryD.unsavory
10.Youwillhaveto____thestairstoreachthetopfloor.
A.creepB.mountC.riseD.crawl
IIDirectionsThereare4passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA)B)C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandwritethecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.
Passage1
Spaceisadangerousplacenotonlybecauseofmeteorsbutalsobecauseofraysfromthesunandotherstars.Theatmosphereagainactsasourprotectiveblanketonearth.Lightgetthroughandthisisessentialforplantstomakethefoodwhichweeat.Heattoomakesourenvironmentendurable.Variouskindsofrayscomethroughtheairfromouterspacebutenormousquantitiesofradiationfromthesunarescreenedoff.Assoonasmenleavetheatmospheretheyareexposedtothisradiationbuttheirspacesuitsorthewallsoftheirspacecraftiftheyareinsidedopreventalotofradiationdamage.
Radiationisthegreatestknowndangertoexplorersinspace.Theunitofradiationiscalled“rem”.Scientistshavereasontothinkthatamancanputupwithfarmoreradiationthan0.1remwithoutbeingdamagedthefigureof60remshasbeenagreedon.Thetroubleisthatitisextremelydifficulttobesureaboutradiationdamage—apersonmayfeelperfectlywellbutthecellsofhisorhersexorgansmaybedamagedandthiswillnotbediscovereduntilthebirthofdeformedchildrenorevengrandchildren.MissionsoftheApolloflightshavehadtocrossbeltsofhighradiationandduringtheoutwardandreturnjourneystheApollocrewaccumulatedalargeamountsofrems.SofarnodangerousamountofradiationhavebeenreportedbuttheApollomissionshavebeenquiteshort.Wesimplydonotknowyethowmenaregoingtogetonwhentheyspendweeksandmonthsoutsidetheprotectionoftheatmosphereworkinginaspacelaboratory.Drugsmighthelptodecreasethedamagedonebyradiationbutnoreallyeffectiveoneshavebeenfoundsofar.
11Accordingtothefirstparagraphtheatmosphereisessentialtomaninthat_____.
a.itprotectshimagainsttheharmfulraysfromspace
b.itprovidessufficientlightforplantgrowth
c.itsuppliestheheatnecessaryforhumansurvival
d.itscreensoffthefallingmeteors
12Weknowfromthepassagethat_____.
a.exposuretoeventinyamountsofradiationisfatal
b.theeffectofexposuretoradiationisslowincoming
c.radiationisavoidableinspaceexploration
d.astronautsinspacesuitsneedn’tworryaboutradiationdamage
13TheharmradiationhasdonetotheApollocrewmember______.
a.isinsignificantb.seemsoverestimated
c.isenormousd.remainsunknown
14Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat______.
a.theApollomissionwasverysuccessful
b.protectionfromspaceradiationisnoeasyjob
c.astronautswillhavedeformedchildrenorgrandchildren
d.radiationisnotathreattowellprotectedspaceexplorers
15Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe______.
a.TheAtmosphereandOurEnvironment
b.ResearchonRadiation
c.EffectsofSpaceRadiation
d.ImportanceofProtectionAgainstRadiation
Passage2
Tasteissuchasubjectivematterthatwedon’tusuallyconductpreferencetestsforfood.Themostyoucansayaboutanyone’spreferenceisthatit’soneperson’sopinion.ButbecausethetwobigcolacompaniesCocaColaandPepsiColaaremarketedsoaggressivelywe’vewonderedhowbigaroletastepreferenceactuallyplaysinbrandloyalty.WesetupatastetestthatchallengedpeoplewhoidentifiedthemselvesaseitherCocaColaorPepsifansFindyourbrandinablindtasting.
WeinvitedstaffvolunteerswhohadastronglikingforeitherCocaColaclassicorPepsiDietCokeorDietPepsi.Thesewerepeoplewhothoughtthey’dhavenotroubletellingtheirbrandfromtheotherbrand.
Weeventuallylocated19regularcoladrinkersand27dietColadrinkers.Thenwefedthemfourunidentifiedsamplesofcolaoneatatimeregularcolasfortheonegroupdietversionsfortheother.WeaskedthemtotelluswhethereachsamplewasCokeorPepsithenweanalyzedtherecordsstatisticallytocomparetheparticipants’choiceswithwhatmereguessworkcouldhaveaccomplished.
Gettingallfoursamplesrightwasatoughtestbutnottootoughwethoughtforpeoplewhobelievedtheycouldrecognizetheirbrand.Intheendonly7outof19regularcoladrinkerscorrectlyidentifiedtheirbrandofchoiceinallfourtrials.Thedietcoladrinkersdidalittleworseonly7of27identifiedallfoursamplescorrectly.
Whilebothgroupsdidbetterthanchancewouldpredictnearlyhalftheparticipantsineachgroupmadethewrongchoicetwoormoretimes.Twopeoplegotallfoursampleswrong.Overallhalftheparticipantsdidaboutaswellonthelastroundoftastingasonthefirstsofatigueortasteburnoutwasnotafactor.OurpreferencetestresultssuggestthatonlyafewPepsiparticipantsandCokefansmayreallybeabletotelltheirfavoritebrandbytasteandprice.
16Accordingtothepassagethepreferencetestwasconductedinorderto______.
a.findouttheroletastepreferenceplaysinaperson’sdrinking
b.revealwhichcolaismoretothelikingofthedrinkers
c.showthataperson’sopinionabouttasteismereguesswork
d.comparetheabilityoftheparticipantsinchoosingtheirdrinks
17Thestatisticsrecordedinthepreferencetestsshow_____.
a.CocaColaandPepsiarepeople’stwomostfavoritedrinks
b.thereisnotmuchdifferenceintastebetweenCocaColaandPepsi
c.fewpeoplehadtroubletellingCocaColafromPepsi
d.people’stastesdifferfromoneanother
18Itisimpliedinthefirstparagraphthat_______.
a.thepurposeoftastetestsistopromotethesaleofcolas
b.theimprovementofqualityisthechiefconcernofthetwocolacompanies
c.thecompetitionbetweenthetwocolasisverystrong.
d.Blindtastingisnecessaryforidentifyingfans
19Theword“burnout”(inthesecondsentencefromtheendPara.5)herereferstothestateof______.
a.beingseriouslyburntintheskin
b.beingunabletoburnforlackoffuel
c.beingbadlydamagedbyfire
d.beingunabletofunctionbecauseofexcessiveuse
20Theauthor’spurposeinwritingthispassageisto______.
a.showthattastepreferenceishighlysubjective
b.arguethattastetestingisanimportantmarketingstrategy
c.emphasizethattasteandpricearecloselyrelatedtoeachother
d.recommendthatblindtastingbeintroducedinthequalitycontrolofcolas
Passage3
Theconceptof“environment”iscertainlydifficultandmayevenbemisunderstoodbutwehavenohandysubstitute.Itseemssimpleenoughtodistinguishbetweentheorganismandthesurroundingenvironmentandtoseparateforcesactingonanorganismintothosethatareinternalandbiologicalandthosethatareexternalandenvironmental.Butinactualpracticethissystembreaksdowninmanywaysbecausetheorganismandtheenvironmentareconstantlyinteractingsothattheenvironmentismodifiedbytheorganismandviceversa.
Inthecaseofmanthedifficultieswiththeenvironmentalconceptareevenmorecomplicatedbecausewehavetodealwithmanasananimalandwithmanasabearerofculture.Ifwelookatmanasananimalandtrytoanalyzetheenvironmentalforcesthatareactingontheorganismwefindthatwehavetodealwiththingslikeclimatesoilplantsandsuchlikefactorscommontoallbiologicalsituationalbutwealsofindalwaysveryimportantenvironmentalinfluencesthatwecanonlyclassas“cultural”whichmodifythephysicalandbiologicalfactors.Butmanasweknowhimisalwaysabearerofcultureandifwestudyhumanculturewefindthatitinturnismodifiedbytheenvironmentalfactorsofclimateandgeography.Wethuseasilygetintogreatdifficultiesfromthenecessityofviewingcultureatonemomentasapartofthemanandatanothermomentasapartoftheenvironment.
21Whichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribethepopularunderstandingof“environment”astheauthorseesit?
a.Elaborateb.Prejudicedc.Faultlessd.Oversimplified
22Accordingtotheauthortheconceptof“environment”isdifficulttoexplainbecause______.
a.itdoesn’tdistinguishbetweentheorganismandtheenvironment
b.itinvolvesbothinternalandexternalforces
c.theorganismandtheenvironmentinfluenceeachother
d.therelationshipbetweentheorganismandtheenvironmentisunclear
23Inanalyzingtheenvironmentalforcesactingonmantheauthorsuggeststhat_____.
a.biologicalfactorsarelessimportanttotheorganismthanculturalfactorstoman
b.manandotheranimalsaremodifiedequallybytheenvironmentalforces
c.manismodifiedbytheculturalenvironmentaswellasbythenaturalenvironment
d.physicalandbiologicalfactorsexertmoreinfluenceonotherorganismsthanonman
24Asforculturetheauthorpointsoutthat______.
a.itdevelopssidebysidewithenvironmentalfactors
b.itisalsoaffectedbyenvironmentalfactors
c.itisgenerallyacceptedtobepartoftheenvironment
d.itisaproductofman’sbiologicalinstincts
25Inthispassagetheauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith______.
a.theinterpretationoftheterm“environment”
b.thediscussiononorganismsandbiologicalenvironment
c.thecomparisonbetweeninternalandexternalfactorsinfluencingman
d.theevaluationofman’sinfluenceonculture
Passage4
Thespeakerateacherfromacommunitycollegeaddressedasympatheticaudience.Headsnoddedinagreementwhenhesaid“HighschoolEnglishteachersarenotdoingtheirjobs.”Hedescribedtheinadequaciesofhisstudentsallhighschoolgraduateswhocanuselanguageonlyatagrade9level.Iwasunabletodeterminefromhisanswerstomyquestionshowthisgrade9levelhadbeenestablished.
Mytopicisneitherstandardsnoritsdecline.Whatthespeakerwasreallysayingisthatheisnolongeryounghehasbeenteachingforsixteenyearsandisabletothinkandspeaklikeamatureadult.
Mypointisthatthefrequentcomplaintofonegenerationabouttheoneimmediatelyfollowingitisinevitable.Itisalsohumannaturetolookforthereasonsforourdissatisfaction.BeforeEnglishbecameaschoolsubjectinthelatenineteenthcenturyitwasdifficulttofindthetargetoftheblameforlanguagedeficiency.ButsincethenEnglishteachershavebeenunderconstantattack.
Thecomplainersthinktheyhavehituponanoriginalidea.Astheirowncommandofthelanguageimprovestheynoticethatyoungpeopledonothavethissameability.Unawarethattheirownabilityhasdevelopedthroughtheyearstheyassumethenewgenerationofyoungpeoplemustbehopelessinthisrespect.Totheeyesandearsofsensitiveadultsthelanguageoftheyoungalwaysseemsinadequate.
SincethisconcernaboutthedeclineandfalloftheEnglishlanguageisnotperceivedasagenerationalphenomenonbutratherassomethingnewandpeculiartotoday’syoungpeopleitnaturallyfollowsthattoday’sEnglishteacherscannotbedoingtheirjobsotherwiseyoungpeoplewouldnotcommitoffensesagainstthelanguage.
26Thespeakertheauthormentionedinthepassagebelievedthat_______.
a.thelanguageoftheyoungergenerationisusuallyinferiortothatoftheoldergeneration
b.thestudentshadapoorcommandofEnglishbecausetheydidn’tworkhardenough
c.hewasanexcellentlanguageteacherbecausehehadbeenteachingEnglishforsixteenyears
d.Englishteachersshouldbeheldresponsibleforthestudents’poorcommandofEnglish
27Intheauthor’sopinionthespeaker______.
a.gaveacorrectjudgmentoftheEnglishlevelofthestudents
b.hadexaggeratedthelanguageproblemsofthestudents
c.wasrightinsayingthatEnglishteacherswerenotdoingtheirjobs
d.couldthinkandspeakintelligently
28Theauthor’sattitudetowardsthespeaker’sremarksis______.
a.neutralb.positivec.criticald.compromising
29Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat______.
a.itisjustifiabletoincludeEnglishasaschoolsubject
b.theauthordisagreeswiththespeakeroverthestandardofEnglishatGrade9level
c.Englishlanguageteachingisbynomeansaneasyjob
d.Languageimprovementneedstimeandeffort
30Inthepassagetheauthorarguesthat______.
a.itisunfairtoblametheEnglishteachersforthelanguagedeficienciesofthestudents
b.youngpeoplewouldnotcommitoffencesagainstthelanguageiftheteachersdidtheirjobsproperly
c.toeliminatelanguagedeficienciesonemusthavesensitiveeyesandears
d.toimprovethestandardofEnglishrequirestheeffortofseveralgenerations
二翻译题请将下列句子翻译为汉语（共40分，每题20分）
ITranslatethefollowingtwoparagraphsintoChinese.
1Insteadofhavingtoestablishrulesandlimitsanarduousandoftenfrustratingjobinsteadofhavingtoworkatsocializingchildreninordertomakethemmoreagreeabletolivewithparentscouldsolvealltheseproblemsbyresortingtothetelevisionset.
2
Wecannoteliminatetherisksexceptbynotdoingthosethingsbutbydoingsowejustsubstituteawholenewsetofrisksinsteadofriskingbuyingahousewithdryrotweriskhavingabadlandlord.
答题纸
一、单项选择题
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二、翻译题请将下列句子翻译为汉语
1Insteadofhavingtoestablishrulesandlimitsanarduousandoftenfrustratingjobinsteadofhavingtoworkatsocializingchildreninordertomakethemmoreagreeabletolivewithparentscouldsolvealltheseproblemsbyresortingtothetelevisionset.
2
Wecannoteliminatetherisksexceptbynotdoingthosethingsbutbydoingsowejustsubstituteawholenewsetofrisksinsteadofriskingbuyingahousewithdryrotweriskhavingabadlandlord.
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