北语18秋《阅读（IV）》作业1（含答案）参考
18秋《阅读（IV）》作业1北语作业答案
奥鹏北京语言大学作业答案请联系QQ515224986
一、单选题：
1.[单选题]Wehurriedtothestation____findourselvesthreehoursearlierforthetrain. (满分:)
A. onlyto
B. inorderto
C. soasto
D. suchasto
正确答案:——A——
2.[单选题]Fortytosixtypercentofgeneticallymodifiedorganismsarefindingtheirwaytotheproducedepartments.Thatprocessinvolvestakingagenefromoneplantoranimalandputtingitinanother."Sonow,wemakethesechangesinthelaboratoryandputthesechangesbackintocornbythenewtechnology,"Dr.CurtisHannahsaid.NotallconsumersarepleasedthatresearchersaretinkeringwithfoodthatfindsitswaytoAmericandinnertables.Opponentssaythatsomeproduceislacedwithpesticidetomakethemdrugresistant.LabelingadvocateJodetteGreensaidthatfoodsthathavebeengeneticallyengineeredneedtobelabeled.AMassachusettswatchdoggroupsaidthatalocalsupermarketchainissellingapancakemixcontaininggeneticallyengineeredingredientsthataren'tlistedonthelabel.NewsCenter5'sRhondellaRichardsonreportsthatMassPIRGlauncheditsSafeFoodCampaignonThursday,callingforaccuratelabelingandbettertestingofgeneticallymodifiedfood.MassPIRGsaidthatpackagesofShaw'sPancakeMixcontainGMfood,buttheyaren'tlabeledassuch."There'snoinfoaboutthepotentiallydangerousDNAcontainedinthispancakemix,"JillRubinofMassPIRGsaidatanafternoonpressconferenceCerealandmanysoyandcornproductsaregeneticallymodified,buttheyoftendon'tsaysoonthelabel.Therearenotrulesorregulationsrequiringsuchinformationonnutritionlabels.MassPIRGbelievesthatchildhoodearandsinusinfectionscouldsoonbeincurableandthattheconsumptionofgeneticallyengineeredfoodcreatesmorefoodallergies.Shaw'spancakemixhasnotcausedanyknownhealthproblems,butmanyfeelthatbetterlabelingshouldn'tbetoohardforastoretoswallow."Iwanttoknowwhat'sineverythingIbuy,"shopperAlexanderGriecosaid."Ihavehighbloodpressureandhighcholesterol."MassPIRGtargetedShaw'sSupermarketsinitscampaignbecausetheShaw'sparentcompanyinLondonhasvoluntarilyremovedallgeneticallyengineeredingredientsfromitsstorebrandproducts.AlocalShaw'sspokespersonsaidthatinEngland,therewasalackofdirectionfromthegovernmentonwhattodowhenconsumersquestionedproductsafety.TheFoodandDrugAdministrationhasfoundnothingunsafesofar,andShaw'sawaitsdirectionfromtheFDAbeforeanyproductisrecalled.Question:Accordingtothearticle,MassPIRGisanorganization___________. (满分:)
A. infavorofgeneticallyengineeredfoods
B. notoptimisticaboutgeneticallyengineeredfoods
C. politically-oriented
D. responsiblefortestinggeneticallyengineeredfood
正确答案:——B——
3.[单选题]Thechildrenweresurprisedwhentheteacherhadthem____theirbooksunexpectedly. (满分:)
A. closed
B. toclose
C. closing
D. close
正确答案:——D——
4.[单选题]Johnny'smouthwateredatthe____ofthedeliciouscake. (满分:)
A. sight
B. light
C. touch
D. notice
正确答案:————
5.[单选题]English____inanewwayatmycollegeinthepastfewyears. (满分:)
A. hasbeenteaching
B. wasbeingtaught
C. hasbeentaught
D. hadbeentaught
正确答案:————
6.[单选题]Tocreateasupercell,takeastormwherewindspeedincreaseswithheight,whilewinddirectionveers;asituationinwhichupdraughtsanddowndraughtswithinthethunderstormcansupporteachother'sexistenceratherthancanceleachotherout.Itisaswindsblowintothisturbulentregionfromthreetofivekilometersupthatalow-pressuresectionofthestormmaybegintorotate.Therotationofthispartofthestorm(knownasamesocyclone)causestheairpressuretofallsomemore,promptingwindlowerdowntoflowintothestormandspeedupupwards.Thiscreatesaspinningupdraughtwhichhigh-levelwindsinthestormcanboostinthesamewaythatwindblowingacrossthetopofachimneydoeswondersfordrawingupanopenfire.You'renotyetlookingatatornado,thoughifyou'rewatchingthisparticularstormdevelopyoumightstartlookingforagetawaycar—especiallyifthestormbeginstochangeshape.Whenmid-toupper-levelwindsupwindofthestormencounterthesupercell,someareforcedtodetourroundit.Theyconvergeagaindownwind,mouldingthestormcloudsintoanominousanvil-shapeintheprocess.Butwhilesomewindgoesroundthemesocyclone,somerunsfullsquareintothismeteorologicalbrickwallandisforceddownward,creatinga"rearflankdowndraught"(RFD)whichmanyexpertsbelieveiswhatmakesorbreaksatornadicstorm.It'swhenanRFDtriestoswingaroundthebaseofthestorm,narrowingtheareaofwindflowingintotheupdraughtandincreasingitsspin(inthesamewayfigureskaterswhentheirarmsarepulledin)thatyoumightwanttogetintoyourgetawaycar.Ifyou'reanywherebeneathwhirlingpieceofmeteorologicalgiveandtake—afunnelcloud—youareinabad,dangerousplaceknowntostormchasersas"thebearcage".It'swhere,ifthefunnelcloudsticksaroundlongenoughfortheupdraughttotouchdownonterrafirma,youwillfindyourselfontheinsideofatornado.Question:Whenthestormrotates,________. (满分:)
A. airpressurewillgoonincreasing
B. itstartsfromthelow-pressuresection
C. windwilljointhestorminsettinganopenfire
D. anupdraughtwillbereplacedbyadowndraught
正确答案:————
7.[单选题]____Isawwastwomencrossingthestreet. (满分:)
A. What
B. Whom
C. Who
D. That
正确答案:————
8.[单选题]Youngpeopleshouldhavetherighttocontrolanddirecttheirownlearning,thatis,todecidewhattheywanttolearn,andwhen,where,how,howmuch,howfast,andwithwhathelptheywanttolearnit.Tobestillmorespecific,Iwantthemtohavetherighttodecideif,when,howmuch,andbywhomtheywanttobetaughtandtherighttodecidewhethertheywanttolearninaschoolandifsowhichoneandforhowmuchofthetime.Nohumanright,excepttherighttolifeitself,ismorefundamentalthanthis.Aperson'sfreedomoflearningispartofhisfreedomofthought,evenmorebasicthanhisfreedomofspeech.Ifwetakefromsomeonehisrighttodecidewhathewillbecuriousabout,wedestroyhisfreedomofthought.Wesay,ineffect,youmustthinknotaboutwhatinterestsandconcernsyou,butaboutwhatinterestsandconcernsus.Thisrightofeachofustocontrolourownlearningisnowindanger.Whenweputintoourlawsthehighlyauthoritariannotionthatsomeoneshouldandcoulddecidewhatallyoungpeopleweretolearnandbeyondthat,coulddowhatevermightseemnecessary(whichnowincludesdosingthemwithdrugs)tocompelthemtolearnit,wetookalongstepdownaverysteepanddangerouspath.Therequirementthatachildgotoschool,foraboutsixhoursaday,180daysayear,forabouttenyears,whetherornothelearnsanythingthere,whetherornothealreadyknowsitorcouldlearnitfasterorbettersomewhereelse,issuchagrossviolationofcivillibertiesthatfewadultswouldstandforit.Butthechildwhoresistsistreatedasacriminal.Withthisrequirementwecreatedanindustry,anarmyofpeoplewhosewholeworkwastotellyoungpeoplewhattheyhadtolearnandtotrytomakethemlearnit.Someofthesepeople,wantingtoexerciseevenmorepoweroverothers,ortobeevenmore"helpful,"arenowbeginningtosay,"Ifcompulsoryeducationisgoodforchildren,whywouldn'titbegoodforeveryone?Ifitisagoodthing,howcantherebetoomuchofit?"Theyarebeginningtotalk,asonemandidonanationwideTVshow,about"womb-to-tomb"schooling.Ifhoursofhomeworkeverynightaregoodfortheyoung,whywouldn'ttheybegoodforusall—theywouldkeepusawayfromtheTVsetandotherfrivolouspursuits.Somegroupofexperts,somewhere,wouldbegladtodecidewhatwealloughttoknowandthenverysooftencheckuponustomakesureweknewit—with,ofcourse,appropriatepenaltiesifwedidnot.Question:Accordingtothepassage,itismostfundamentalthatyoungpeopleshouldhavethefreedomof_______. (满分:)
A. speech
B. thought
C. learning
D. curiosity
正确答案:————
9.[单选题]Youngpeopleshouldhavetherighttocontrolanddirecttheirownlearning,thatis,todecidewhattheywanttolearn,andwhen,where,how,howmuch,howfast,andwithwhathelptheywanttolearnit.Tobestillmorespecific,Iwantthemtohavetherighttodecideif,when,howmuch,andbywhomtheywanttobetaughtandtherighttodecidewhethertheywanttolearninaschoolandifsowhichoneandforhowmuchofthetime.Nohumanright,excepttherighttolifeitself,ismorefundamentalthanthis.Aperson'sfreedomoflearningispartofhisfreedomofthought,evenmorebasicthanhisfreedomofspeech.Ifwetakefromsomeonehisrighttodecidewhathewillbecuriousabout,wedestroyhisfreedomofthought.Wesay,ineffect,youmustthinknotaboutwhatinterestsandconcernsyou,butaboutwhatinterestsandconcernsus.Thisrightofeachofustocontrolourownlearningisnowindanger.Whenweputintoourlawsthehighlyauthoritariannotionthatsomeoneshouldandcoulddecidewhatallyoungpeopleweretolearnandbeyondthat,coulddowhatevermightseemnecessary(whichnowincludesdosingthemwithdrugs)tocompelthemtolearnit,wetookalongstepdownaverysteepanddangerouspath.Therequirementthatachildgotoschool,foraboutsixhoursaday,180daysayear,forabouttenyears,whetherornothelearnsanythingthere,whetherornothealreadyknowsitorcouldlearnitfasterorbettersomewhereelse,issuchagrossviolationofcivillibertiesthatfewadultswouldstandforit.Butthechildwhoresistsistreatedasacriminal.Withthisrequirementwecreatedanindustry,anarmyofpeoplewhosewholeworkwastotellyoungpeoplewhattheyhadtolearnandtotrytomakethemlearnit.Someofthesepeople,wantingtoexerciseevenmorepoweroverothers,ortobeevenmore"helpful,"arenowbeginningtosay,"Ifcompulsoryeducationisgoodforchildren,whywouldn'titbegoodforeveryone?Ifitisagoodthing,howcantherebetoomuchofit?"Theyarebeginningtotalk,asonemandidonanationwideTVshow,about"womb-to-tomb"schooling.Ifhoursofhomeworkeverynightaregoodfortheyoung,whywouldn'ttheybegoodforusall—theywouldkeepusawayfromtheTVsetandotherfrivolouspursuits.Somegroupofexperts,somewhere,wouldbegladtodecidewhatwealloughttoknowandthenverysooftencheckuponustomakesureweknewit—with,ofcourse,appropriatepenaltiesifwedidnot.Question:Thepassageimpliesthat_______. (满分:)
A. therightofcontrollingone'sownlearningisnotahumanright
B. somepeoplearedoingthekindoflearningwhichtheydonotwant
C. interestplaysanimportantroleinlearning
D. learningisbecomingmoreandmoredangerous
正确答案:————
10.[单选题]I____everythingbythetimeyougetbacknextmonth. (满分:)
A. shallfinish
B. willbefinishing
C. havefinished
D. shallhavefinished
正确答案:————
11.[单选题]AnyonemeetingMatthewDanielsforthefirsttimecouldeasilyassumethatheistheproductofaconventional,evenprivilegedchildhood.Withhiswell-spokenmanner,hisIvyLeagueeducation,andhisbusinesscardreading"President,MassachusettsFamilyInstitute,"Mr.DanielsisthepictureofyouthfulAmericansuccess.ButDanielscantellastorythatrefutesthoseassumptionsabouthischildhood.Hisfatherabandonedthefamilywhenhewas2.Hismothertookajobasasecretary.Butonherwayhomeoneeveningshewasmugged,sustaininginjuriesthateventuallyleftherunabletowork,thefamilywentonwelfare.GrowingupinNewYork'sSpanishHarliem,Danielswasoneofonlyfourwhitestudentsuntilninthgrade.Despiteadifficultenvironment,hestayedoutoftrouble.HeevenwonafullscholarshiptoDartmouthCollege,graduatingin1985.Howdidhedoit?Hecreditshismother'sreligiousfaith."It'swhyIdidn'tendupliketheguysinmyneighborhood,"hesays."Somewenttoprison."Althoughhisfather,awriter,didn'tsupportthefamily,hemaintainedcontactwithhisson,emphasizingtheimportanceofbooksandeducation.Becauseofhisexperience,Danielshasbecomeapassionateadvocateofthetwo-parentfamily.Heseesitasaninstitutionunderculturalsiege,generallysupportedby"thepersoninthestreet"buttoooftendismissedbythoseinacademicandmediacircles.Someofthegroups,hesays,havemiscalculatedthesocialconsequencesof"tryingtoconvincepeoplethatthereareallsortsof"alternativefamilyforms.Evenduringlawschool,heencounteredprofessorswhowere"openlyhostiletotheideathatweneedtwo-parentfamiliestohaveahealthysociety."Reportersandacademicsmaynotbetheonlyonesambivalentaboutmarriage.Anewstudyofcollegetextbooksfindsthatmanytextsonmarriagepaintapessimisticview.Theyemphasizedivorceanddomesticviolence,thereportsays,andfocusfarmoreonadultrelationshipsandproblemsthanonchildren'sneeds.Question:Danielsbenefitedmostfrom__________. (满分:)
A. hismother'sreligionandhisfather'sideaofeducation
B. hisexperienceasachildfromapoorfamily
C. hisschooleducation
D. neighborhood
正确答案:————
12.[单选题]Nowthecommittee____sevenmembers. (满分:)
A. consistof
B. isconsistingof
C. isconsistedof
D. consistsof
正确答案:————
13.[单选题]Fromthemomentthatananimalisbornithastomakedecisions.Ithastodecidewhichofthethingsarounditareforeating,andwhicharetobeavoided;whentoattackandwhentorunaway.Theanimalis,ineffect,playingacomplicatedandpotentiallyverydangerousgamewithitsenvironment,discomfortordestruction.Thisisadifficultandunpleasantbusinessandfewanimalswouldsurviveiftheyhadtostartfromthebeginningandlearnabouttheworldwhollybytrialanderror,fortherearetoomanypossibledecisionswhichwouldprovefatal.Sowefind,inpractice,thatthegameisalwaysarrangedinfavoroftheyounganimalinonewayoranother.Eithertheanimalisprotectedduringtheearlystagesofitslearningabouttheworldaroundit,ortheknowledgeofwhichwaytorespondisbuiltintoitsnervoussystemfromthestart.Thefactthatanimalsbehavesensiblycanbeattributedpartlytowhatwemightcallgeneticlearning,todistinguishitfromindividuallearningthatananimaldoesinthecauseofitsownlifetime.Geneticlearningislearningbyaspeciesasawhole,anditisachievedbyselectionofthosemembersofeachgenerationthathappentobehaveintherightway.However,geneticlearningdependsuponapredictionthatthefuturewillmoreorlessexactlyresemblethepast.Themorevariableindividualexperienceislikelytobe,thelessefficientisgeneticlearningasameansofgettingovertheproblemsofthesurvivalgame.Itisnotsurprisingtofindthatveryfewspeciesindeeddependwhollyupongeneticlearning.Inthegreatmajorityofanimals,behaviorisacompoundofindividualexperienceandgeneticlearningtobehaveinparticularways.Question:Thesurvivalgameisconsideredcomplicatedandpotentiallyverydangerousbecause________. (满分:)
A. decisionsmadebyanimalsmayprovefatal
B. animalsareoftenindangerofbeingattacked
C. animalsmakedecisionsentirelybytrial
D. environmentisnotfitforanimalstosurvive
正确答案:————
14.[单选题]Thefullletterreads____follows. (满分:)
A. like
B. as
C. that
D. which
正确答案:————
15.[单选题]California-bornandStanford-educated,JohnSteinbeckgainedprominenceduringtheGreatDepressionofthe1930sasanovelistwhocombinedthemesofsocialprotestwithabenignviewofhumannatureandabiologicalinterpretationofhumanexperience,acombinationthatgainedhimwidepopularityandprovidedthebasisforacareernotonlyinfictionbutalsoinjournalism,thetheater,andfilms.JohnErnstSteinbeck,Jr.,wasbornin1902,intheSalinasValley,whosescenery,agriculturalworkers,andne'er-do-wellpaisanosappearfrequentlyinhisfiction.HisfatherwastreasurerofMontereyCounty,andhismotherwasaformerschoolteacher.TheirlibraryintroducedhimearlytosuchstandardauthorsasMilton,Dostoevsky,Flaubert,GeorgeEliot,andThomasHardy.Hewasacontributortotheschoolnewspaper,avarsityathlete,andpresidentofhisgraduatingclassinhighschool,andheattendedStanfordUniversitysporadicallybetween1920and1925,majoringinEnglish,butneverfinishedthedegree.HeworkedonranchesandonaroadgangbeforetryingfutilelytoestablishhimselfasawriterduringabriefstayinNewYorkCityin1926,andheworkedinaCaliforniafishhatcheryandcampedintheSierrasbeforepublishinghisfirstnovel,CupofGold,in1929.InthoseyearshereadD.H.Lawrence,WillaCather,SherwoodAnderson,andparticularlythenovelistsJamesBranchCabelland,Hemingwaywithenthusiasm,buthisperennialinterestsweretheclassicsofContinentalliteratureandtheancienthistorians.In1930hemarriedandmovedtoPacificGrove,California,wherehisfatherprovidedahouseandsmallallowancetosupporthim.TwounsuccessfulnovelstreatingtheenchantmentoftheAmericanDreamandthecostofpursuingit(ThePasturesofHeaven,1932,andToaGodUnknown,1933)precededhisfirstsuccesses,TortillaFlatin1935andInDubiousBattlein1936.Thefirstwasanepisodic,warmlyhumoroustreatmentofabandofpaisanos(amixtureofSpanish,Indian,andCaucasianstrands).Theirpicturesqueandshiftlessways,naiveaffectionfortheirchurch,mysticalappreciationofnature,andloyaltytotheirbandaregiventheairoflegendandlikenedtothetalesofKingArthur'sRoundTable.Theseconddealswithastrikeamongfruitpickers,itsdefeatbythelandownerswiththeirvigilantes,andtheeffortsofcommunistorganizersfirsttoorganizethestrikeandthentoexploittheworkers.Question:"Paisanos"means________. (满分:)
A. richpeople
B. poorpeople
C. peasants
D. laborers
正确答案:————
16.[单选题]Itisnoteasy____theanswertothedifficultmathproblem. (满分:)
A. tofigureout
B. figuringout
C. figureout
D. beingfiguredout
正确答案:————
17.[单选题]Whetherworkshouldbeplacedamongthecausesofhappinessoramongthecausesofunhappinessmayperhapsberegardedasadoubtfulquestion.Thereiscertainlymuchworkwhichisexceedinglyirksome,andanexcessofworkisalwaysverypainful.Ithink,however,that,providedworkisnotexcessiveinamount,eventhedullestworkistomostpeoplelesspainfulthanidleness.Thereareinworkallgrades,frommerereliefoftediumuptotheprofoundestdelights,accordingtothenatureoftheworkandtheabilitiesoftheworker.Mostoftheworkthatmostpeoplehavetodoisnotinitselfinteresting,butevensuchworkhascertaingreatadvantages.Tobeginwith,itfillsagoodmanyhoursofthedaywithouttheneedofdecidingwhatoneshalldo.Mostpeople,whentheyareleftfreetofilltheirowntimeaccordingtotheirownchoice,areatalosstothinkofanythingsufficientlypleasanttobeworthdoing,andwhatevertheydecideon,theyaretroubledbythefeelingthatsomethingelsewouldhavebeenpleasanter.Tobeabletofillleisureintelligentlyisthelastproductofcivilization,andatpresentveryfewpeoplehavereachedthislevel.Moreover,theexerciseofchoiceisinitselftiresome.Excepttopeoplewithunusualinitiativeitispositivelyagreeabletobetoldwhattodoateachhouroftheday,providedtheordersarenottoounpleasant.Mostoftheidlerichsufferunspeakableboredomasthepriceoftheirfreedomfromdrudgery.Attimes,theymayfindreliefbyhuntingbiggameinAfrica,orbyflyingroundtheworld,butthenumberofsuchsensationsislimited,especiallyafteryouthispast.Accordinglythemoreintelligentrichmenworknearlyashardasiftheywerepoor,whilerichwomenforthemostpartkeepthemselvesbusywithinnumerabletriflesofwhoseearth-shakingimportancetheyarefirmlypersuaded.Question:Theabovepassagediscusses________. (满分:)
A. therichandthepoor
B. workassourcesofhappiness
C. theimportanceofwork
D. theuseoflessinterestingwork
正确答案:————
18.[单选题]AlsoservingtoproduceadistinctiveusagewasthepracticeofdistinguishingasonfromafatherbytheuseofJunior.ThistypicallyAmericanpracticebeganinthemiddleoftheeighteenthcenturywhenmostgentlemenhadsomeknowledgeofLatinandwerefamiliarwiththeuseofthetermJunior,translatedoftenintoEnglishas"theyounger,"asappliedtosuchLatinworthiesasCatoandPliny.Thepracticewassowellestablishedby1776thatthreesignersoftheDeclarationaddedtheJr.Agai.Britishcustomhasbeendifferent;thesecondofapairofgreatstatesmenisknownasWilliamPitt,theyounger.Stillanotherimportantmovementbeginningaround1750wastheriseofthenameCharles.Earlier,CharlesishardlyfoundatallinNewEngland,andisrareintheothercolonies.Afterthatitsgrowthwasnotonlysteadybutevenspectacular.By1850ithadbecomeoneofthecommonestnames,andithasremainedclosetothetopsincethattime.Itscuriousnickname,Chuck,istypicallyAmerican.AlmostatanequalpacewiththeriseofCharles,theuseofBiblicalnames,eveninNewEngland,begantofalloff.Ebenezer,andevenSamuelandBenjamin,cametohaveaboutthemanold-fashionedaura.Thefactsareclearenough;thecausesremainobscure.Immigrationprobablyhadlittletodowithsuchchanges.Englishinfluence,attheideallevel,mayhavehelpedthegrowthofCharles.Duringthesesamedecadesthenamewasincreasinginpopularitythere,whereSirCharlesGrandisonwasamuchreadnovelandBoniePrinceCharliehadgiventhenamearenewedvogueamongthosewhostillheldsentimentallytotheStuarts.ButmostoftheothernewdevelopmentsseemtobewhollynativeandeventoruncountertoBritishpractice.Question:Whichofthefollowingistrueintheendoftheeighteenthcentury? (满分:)
A. TheuseofBiblicalnamesremainedpopular.
B. ThegrowinguseofnamessuchasEbenezerandSamuelshowedaninterestinreligion.
C. Samuel,BenjaminandEbenezerwerenamesnolongerusedbypeople.
D. NamessuchasEbenezerbecameold-fashioned.
正确答案:————
19.[单选题]Inordertobuyherhouseshehadtoobtaina____fromthebank. (满分:)
A. finance
B. capital
C. loan
D. debt
正确答案:————
20.[单选题]YhudiMenuhin,whodiedinBerlinonMarch12,1999,attheageof82,wasachildprodigywhofulfilledhispromisetobecomeoneoftheworld'sforemostviolinistsbeforeextendinghisrangetoteachingandconducting.ThegentlyspokenU.S.-bornvirtuosobecameasrenownedforhisdevotiontohumanecausesasforhismasteryoftheviolin.Thespotlighthasbeenonhimsincehisdebutatsevenin1924.Bythetimehewas13,hehadperformedinParis,LondonandNewYork.InBerlin,hisperformancepromptedphysicistAlbertEinsteintoexclaim,"NowIknowthereisaGodinHeaven."Reportedlytheworld'shighestpaidmusicianinthe1930s,hisstrivingforperfectionmadehimalegend.Menuhinsaidtheviolinmadeitsowndemands,"Almostlikeapagangoddess,exactingacertaintribute."Whenhewas38,oneNewYorknewspaperwrote,"Thefreshnessanduniquepurityofhisplayingisexhilarating.Nootherviolinisthassuchspeakingeloquenceinthetonealone."Hegaveuppublicviolinperformancesinhis70s.Hishearingwasalittleimpairedbythenandhehadtakenonmanymoreinterests.Buthisconductingwasstillfullofenergyandhistravelschedulegrueling."IfeelthatwhatI'velearnedinmusicIcanapplytoawiderepertoire,whichisfunbecauseIamexploringnewterrain,"hesaidinaninterviewatthetimeofhis80thbirthday."ButIfeelnodesirenowtospendhoursworkingawayagainatsomethingwhichImyselfinthepastandotherpeoplecanplayfarbetterthanIcannow.Idon'tseethepoint."ABritishcitizensince1985andalifepeersince1993—BaronMenuhinofStoked'AbernonintheCountyofSurrey—hehadaschoolinEnglandandanacademyinSwitzerlandforyoungmusicians,whomheoftenconducts.Hehasalsohelpedfoundvariousmusicalfestivals,heldtheNehruPeacePrizeandwasagoodwillambassadorforUNESCO.Whilepursuinginterestssuchastheenvironment,organicfarming,alternativemedicine,educationandtheplightofgypsies,hestickstoalong-standinghealthydietandyoga."Idon'tsquandermyenergies.Keepmyselfinfairlygoodtrim.Istandonmyheadeverymorning.Conductingisawonderfulexercisebecauseituseseveryfaculty,"hesays.Question:Menuhinbeganhiscareeras_________. (满分:)
A. achildprodigy
B. aviolinist
C. ateacher
D. aconductor
正确答案:————
21.[单选题]InanIndianapolisneighborhoodwheresometeenagegirlsflauntpregnancieslikenewhairdos,AishaFieldsisunabashedlysquare:Sheplanstoabstainfromsexuntilshemarries."Mostofmyfriendsalreadyhavebabies,"saysAisha,ahighschooljuniorandabstinencementor."Beingpregnantisafashion.Girlsgoaroundbragging:‘I'mthreemonths(pregnant).'Theythinkit'scool."With1millionUSteensbecomingpregnanteveryyear,and13percentofallAmericanbabiesborntoteens,Aisha's"just-say-no"attitudeisapolicymaker'sdreamcometrue.Federalandstateofficialsarebankingonsuchanattitudeastheylaunchanewcampaigntoshrinktheranksofunwedteenagemoms.OnOct.1,thegovernmentwillbegindispensingsomeofthenearly$850millionearmarkedunderthewelfare—reformlawoverfiveyearsforteachingabstinenceandpreventingout-of-wedlockbirths.Butexpertssaythereisnoresearchtosuggestthatabstinence—onlyeducationwillsucceed.Incontrast,morecomprehensiveprogramsthatcovercontraception,familyplanning,andcommunicationskillscanhelpdelaysexualinvolvementbyteens,accordingtoastudybytheNationalCampaigntoPreventPregnancyinWashington."Itseemsfoolishtobetossingawayallthismoneywithoutknowingwhetheritwillwork,"saysLisaKaeser,aseniorassociateattheAlanGuttmacherInstitute,aWashington-basednonprofitgroupthatresearchesreproductivehealth.Butexpertsagreethelatestcampaignagainstteenpregnancymarksabigimprovementoverolderpoliciesinonefundamentalrespect:Itemphasizesprevention.Question:Expertsthinkthat__________. (满分:)
A. aslongasteenagersgetabstinenceeducation,theywillavoidbeingpregnant
B. contraceptionismoreusefulinpreventingteenpregnancy
C. familyplanningandcommunicationskillscanbelearnedeasily
D. manythingsshouldbedoneinpreventingteenpregnancy
正确答案:————
22.[单选题]Fromthemomentthatananimalisbornithastomakedecisions.Ithastodecidewhichofthethingsarounditareforeating,andwhicharetobeavoided;whentoattackandwhentorunaway.Theanimalis,ineffect,playingacomplicatedandpotentiallyverydangerousgamewithitsenvironment,discomfortordestruction.Thisisadifficultandunpleasantbusinessandfewanimalswouldsurviveiftheyhadtostartfromthebeginningandlearnabouttheworldwhollybytrialanderror,fortherearetoomanypossibledecisionswhichwouldprovefatal.Sowefind,inpractice,thatthegameisalwaysarrangedinfavoroftheyounganimalinonewayoranother.Eithertheanimalisprotectedduringtheearlystagesofitslearningabouttheworldaroundit,ortheknowledgeofwhichwaytorespondisbuiltintoitsnervoussystemfromthestart.Thefactthatanimalsbehavesensiblycanbeattributedpartlytowhatwemightcallgeneticlearning,todistinguishitfromindividuallearningthatananimaldoesinthecauseofitsownlifetime.Geneticlearningislearningbyaspeciesasawhole,anditisachievedbyselectionofthosemembersofeachgenerationthathappentobehaveintherightway.However,geneticlearningdependsuponapredictionthatthefuturewillmoreorlessexactlyresemblethepast.Themorevariableindividualexperienceislikelytobe,thelessefficientisgeneticlearningasameansofgettingovertheproblemsofthesurvivalgame.Itisnotsurprisingtofindthatveryfewspeciesindeeddependwhollyupongeneticlearning.Inthegreatmajorityofanimals,behaviorisacompoundofindividualexperienceandgeneticlearningtobehaveinparticularways.Question:"Geneticlearning"refersto________. (满分:)
A. learningafterananimalisborn
B. learningobtainedbysomemembersofeachgenerationwhohappentobehaveproperly
C. learninggainedbyallthemembersinaspecies
D. learninggainedbyyounganimalsfromtheirexperience
正确答案:————
23.[单选题]Ididn’tseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe____,shewouldhavemetmybrother. (满分:)
A. hascome
B. didcome
C. came
D. hadcome 奥鹏答案
正确答案:————
24.[单选题]Americansarepoundoftheirvarietyandindividuality,yettheyloveandrespectfewthingsmorethanauniform,whetheritistheuniformofanelevatoroperatorortheuniformofafive-stargeneral.WhyareuniformssopopularintheUnitedStates?Amongtheargumentsforuniforms,oneofthefirstisthatintheeyesofmostpeopletheylookmoreprofessionalthancivilian（百姓的）clothes.Peoplehavebecomeconditionedtoexpectsuperiorqualityfromamanwhowearsauniform.thetelevisionrepairmanwhowearsuniformtendstoinspiremoretrustthanonewhoappearsincivilianclothes.Faithintheskillofagaragemechanicisincreasedbyauniform.Whateasierwayisthereforanurse,apoliceman,abarber,orawaitertoloseprofessionalidentity（身份）thantostepoutofuniform?Uniformsalsohavemanypracticalbenefits.Theysaveonotherclothes.Theysaveonlaundrybills.Theyaretax-deductible（可减税的）.Theyareoftenmorecomfortableandmoredurablethancivilianclothes.Primaryamongtheargumentsagainstuniformsistheirlackofvarietyandtheconsequentlossofindividualityexperiencedbypeoplewhomustwearthem.Thoughtherearemanytypesofuniforms,thewearerofanyparticulartypeisgenerallystuckwithit,withoutchange,untilretirement.Whenpeoplelookalike,theytendtothink,speak,andactsimilarly,onthejobatleast.Uniformsalsogiverisetosomepracticalproblems.Thoughtheyarelong-lasting,oftentheirinitialexpenseisgreaterthanthecostofcivilianclothes.Someuniformsarealsoexpensivetomaintain,requiringprofessionaldrycleaningratherthanthehomelaunderingpossiblewithmanytypesofcivilianclothes.Question:Peopleareaccustomedtothinkthatamaninuniform____. (满分:)
A. suggestsqualitywork
B. discardshissocialidentity
C. appearstobemorepractical
D. lookssuperiortoapersonincivilianclothes
正确答案:————
25.[单选题]AnyonemeetingMatthewDanielsforthefirsttimecouldeasilyassumethatheistheproductofaconventional,evenprivilegedchildhood.Withhiswell-spokenmanner,hisIvyLeagueeducation,andhisbusinesscardreading"President,MassachusettsFamilyInstitute,"Mr.DanielsisthepictureofyouthfulAmericansuccess.ButDanielscantellastorythatrefutesthoseassumptionsabouthischildhood.Hisfatherabandonedthefamilywhenhewas2.Hismothertookajobasasecretary.Butonherwayhomeoneeveningshewasmugged,sustaininginjuriesthateventuallyleftherunabletowork,thefamilywentonwelfare.GrowingupinNewYork'sSpanishHarliem,Danielswasoneofonlyfourwhitestudentsuntilninthgrade.Despiteadifficultenvironment,hestayedoutoftrouble.HeevenwonafullscholarshiptoDartmouthCollege,graduatingin1985.Howdidhedoit?Hecreditshismother'sreligiousfaith."It'swhyIdidn'tendupliketheguysinmyneighborhood,"hesays."Somewenttoprison."Althoughhisfather,awriter,didn'tsupportthefamily,hemaintainedcontactwithhisson,emphasizingtheimportanceofbooksandeducation.Becauseofhisexperience,Danielshasbecomeapassionateadvocateofthetwo-parentfamily.Heseesitasaninstitutionunderculturalsiege,generallysupportedby"thepersoninthestreet"buttoooftendismissedbythoseinacademicandmediacircles.Someofthegroups,hesays,havemiscalculatedthesocialconsequencesof"tryingtoconvincepeoplethatthereareallsortsof"alternativefamilyforms.Evenduringlawschool,heencounteredprofessorswhowere"openlyhostiletotheideathatweneedtwo-parentfamiliestohaveahealthysociety."Reportersandacademicsmaynotbetheonlyonesambivalentaboutmarriage.Anewstudyofcollegetextbooksfindsthatmanytextsonmarriagepaintapessimisticview.Theyemphasizedivorceanddomesticviolence,thereportsays,andfocusfarmoreonadultrelationshipsandproblemsthanonchildren'sneeds.Question:Thepassagediscusses______. (满分:)
A. Daniels'slife
B. theneedfortwo-parentfamily
C. theimportanceofeducation
D. oneparentfamily
正确答案:————
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