西南大学网院2017年12月课程考试[0086]综合英语二【答案】
西南大学网络与继续教育学院课程考试试题卷
类别：网教 专业：应用英语/英语教育 2017年12月
课程名称【编号】：综合英语二【0086】 A卷
大作业 满分：100分
I. Reading Comprehension (30 points, 2 points each)
Directions: There are 3 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A. B. C. and D. You should decide on the best choice.
Passage One
There are two factors which determine an individual’s intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born with. Human brains differ considerably, some being more capable than others. But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn. So the second factor is what happens to the individual— the sort of environment in which he is reared. If an individual is handicapped environmentally, it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable.
The importance of environment in determining an individual's intelligence can be demonstrated by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and Mark. Being identical, the twins had identical brains at birth, and their growth processes were the same. When the twins were three months old, their parents died, and they were placed in separate foster homes. Peter was reared by parents of low intelligence in an isolated community with poor educational opportunities. Mark was reared in the home of well-to-do parents who had been to college. He was read to as a child, sent to good schools, and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually. This environmental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were given tests to measure their intelligence. Mark’s I.Q. was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother. Given equal opportunities, the twins, having identical brains, would have tested at roughly the same level.
1.This selection can best be titled_________.
A. Measuring Your Intelligence B. Intelligence and Environment
C. The Case of Peter and Mark D. How the Brain Influences Intelligence
2.The best statement of the main idea of this passage is that _____.
A. human brains differ considerably
B. the brain a person is born with is important in determining his intelligence
C. environment is crucial in determining a person’s intelligence
D. persons having identical brains will have roughly the same intelligence
3.According to the passage, the average I.Q. is _____.
A. 85 B.100
C. 110 D.125
4.The case history of the twins appears to support the conclusion that _______.
A. individual with identical brains seldom test at same level
B. an individual’s intelligence is determined only by his environment
C. lack of opportunity blocks the growth of intelligence
D. changes of environment produce changes in the structure of the brain
5. This passage suggests that an individual’s I.Q.______.
A. can be predicted at birth B. stays the same throughout his life
C. can be increased by education D. is determined by his childhood
Passage Two
About a year ago, while at a supermarket, I read a thought-provoking sign posted at the check-out counter. In essence, it said the store was using only plastic bags.
On the surface, that seemed to be very environmentally unfriendly. But the sign went on to explain a rationale that hadn't occurred to me until then, asserting that the energy and exhaust fumes expelled to transport the same number of paper bags outweighed the fact that plastic wasn't biodegradable. Paper bags take up more space and require more trucks for transport, so the store believed it was lessening its carbon footprint by using plastic.
It got me thinking, so I looked into it a bit further. According to the Society of Plastics Industry, it requires 400 percent more energy to manufacture a paper bag than a plastic one. And while paper bags are compostable and biodegradable, they also cost the world trees, potentially increasing greenhouse gases. (I say "potentially" because if the trees used are from paper farms and were planted only for the purpose of being cut down, then those wouldn't factor in here. )
I suppose we could end the discussion by simply purchasing those canvas grocery bags that are showing up in supermarkets everywhere. But what sort of impact does their production have on the environment?
I'm just saying there are no easy answers. And you know what they say about the road to hell with good intentions. I was talking about this recently with my husband, John, who had probably the best suggestion of all.
Why not ask for plastic and bring your used plastic bags each time you visit the grocery store? If you use them five or six times, or until they start to fall apart, you've really done a good thing, haven't you? You can also use them to line your small wastebaskets, instead of purchasing plastic trash bags.
There's another environmental dilemma I've been struggling with, too. We use quite a lot of paper plates in my house. I'm not going to defend it, because I know all about landfills and deforestation and any other argument you could throw my way. But I also know a thing or two about the need for convenience and necessary evils. But are paper plates really evil? I don't know.
Doesn't the energy used to run the dishwasher and the chemicals from the dishwashing detergent that eventually enter the water table count for anything? That might be even worse.
From the passage, we can learn that ______.
A. the store uses plastic bags because it doesn't concern about environment
B. the store believes that plastic bags have less negative impact on environment
C. the author doesn't care about environment
D. the author doesn't agree with the store
7. The store chooses to use plastic bags because it believes ______.
A. plastic bags are green
B. plastic bags are biodegradable and can be used many times
C. paper bags cost energy in transportation and world trees, probably increasing greenhouse gasses
D. paper bags are more energy-consuming than plastic ones
8. In the fifth paragraph, the sentence "you know what they say about the road to hell with goodintention" means that ______.
A. people should buy canvas grocery bags to protect the environment
B. people should use plastic bags instead of paper bags
C. people may intent to protect the environment but turn out to jeopardize it
D. the author doesn't think using canvas grocery bags is a good idea
9. By "another environmental dilemma" in Paragraph 7, the author means that ______.
A. she doesn't know which kind of bags to use, plastic ones or paper ones
B. she has no idea whether using paper plates is evil or not
C. she knows clearly about how using paper plates will destroy the environment but still use them
D. how much energy will be used to run the dishwasher and whether chemicals from dishwashing
detergent will pollute the water
10. Which of the following is the best title for this passage?
A. Am I really helping Mother Earth? B. How to protect the environment?
C. The environmentally friendly plastic bags. D. Plastic bags or paper bags?
Passage Three
It's no secret that some of the resolutions that many of us vowed to pursue in the new year ( eat healthily, lose weight, quit smoking, save more money ( have already fallen by the wayside.
Many of them are likely the same resolutions that we abandoned last January. And it's a good thing for those who sell health club memberships, quit-smoking programs and other products that help us think we can improve our lives.
Many gyms see new memberships double in January, making up for the third of their members who do not renew each year.
And many who sign up in January will be no-shows by February.
"If I try one quick fix and it doesn't work, I may be more likely to try the next quick fix," Lisa Lahey, who coaches executives how to sustain behavior change, told The Times.
The Biggest Loser Resort at Fitness Ridge doesn't offer any quick fixes, just a 12-hour schedule full of exercise, a 1200-calories-a-day diet and a fee of $2000 a week. The resort teaches its clients that "weight management" is a combination of fitness, diet and emotional health.
"Given my recent weight gain, and the fact that I was turning 50," Jennifer Conlin wrote in The Times,'' I wanted to start a program that would make 2012 the year I finally got in shape."
"For years, the advice to the overweight people has been that we simply need to eat less and exercise more," Tara Parker-Pope wrote. "While there is truth to this guidance, it fails to take into account that the human body continues to fight against weight loss long after dieting has stopped. This translates into a sobering reality: once we become fat, most of us, despite our best efforts, will probably stay fat."
Of course this revelation, it proven true by further study, is not good news for the weight-loss industry. But chances are it won't have much impact on the human tendency to resolve to get to the gym more and avoid chocolate cake when the clock strikes midnight on December 31.
11. What do we learn from the first paragraph about New Year resolutions?
A. They are hard to sustain. B. They help shed bad habits. C. They test one's strength. D. They promise a good year. 12. Who do New Year resolutions eventually benefit?
A. Society in general. B. Health club members.
C. Business executives. D. Health industries. 13. What is special about the Biggest Loser Resort's weight management program?
A. It gives top priority to emotional health. B. It does not resort to any quick fixes.
C. It focuses on one's behavior change. D. It is not cheap but extremely effective.
14. What happens when people stop dieting?
A. They regain their appetite. B. Their weight bounces back.
C. They usually stay in shape. D. Their health is likely to fail
15. What do people tend to do about New Year resolutions?
A. They keep making them year after year. B. They abandon them once progress is made.
C. They keep trying until they finally succeed. D. They make them for the sake of making them.
II. Cloze (15 points, 1 points each)
Directions: There is one incomplete passage with 15 blanks in this part. For each blank, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Decide which of the choices would correctly complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks.
During recent years we have heard much about “race”: how this race does certain things and that race believes certain things and so on. Yet, the 1 phenomenon of race consists of a few surface indications.
We judge race usually 2 the colouring of the skin: a white race, a brown race, a yellow race and a black race. But 3 you were to remove the skin you could not 4 anything about the race to which the individual belonged. There is 5 in physical structure, the brain or the internal organs to 6 a difference.
There are four types of blood. 7 types are found in every race, and no type is distinct to any race. Human brains are the 8. No scientists could examine a brain and tell you the race to which the individual belonged. Brains will 9 in size, but this occurs within every race. 10 does size have anything to do with intelligence. The largest brain 11 examined belonged to a person of weak 12. On the other hand, some of our most distinguished people have had 13 brains.
Mental tests which are reasonably 14 show no differences in intelligence between races. High and low test results both can be recorded by different members of any race. 15 equal educational advantages, there will be no difference in average standings, either on account of race or geographical location.
1. A. complete
C. total
2. A. in
C. at
3. A. since
C. as
4. A. speak
C. tell
5. A. something
C. nothing
6. A. display
C. demonstrate
7. A. All
C. Not
8. A. same
C. similar
9. A. remain
C. decrease
10. A. Only
C. Nor
11. A. ever
C. never
12. A. health
C. mind
13. A. big
C. minor
14. A. true
C. certain
15. A. Provided
C. Given
B. full
D. whole
B. from
D. on
B. if
D. while
B. talk
D. mention
B. everything
D. anything
B. indicate
D. appear
B. Most
D. Some
B. identical
D. alike
B. increase
D. vary
B. Or
D. So
B. then
D. once
B. body
D. thought
B. small
D. major
B. exact
D. accurate
B. Concerning
D. Following
III. Translation (30 points)
Section A
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English.
1. 他的成功很大程度上依靠了他同事的配合。
2. 对我来说，没有哪一家的服务和膳食能与这儿的相比。
3. 与外国人打交道时，我们必须对他们的文化有所了解。
4. 可以设想，人们总有一天会征服太空。
5. 经过一番心态调整，他们开始喜欢音乐与绘画了。
6. 她完全沉浸在书中境界里，连敲门声也没听见。
7．如果他能戒烟，那对他来说将是个良好的开端。
8．抱怨自己运气不好是没用的，你应该鼓起勇气尽力工作。
9. 没有作好充分的准备我是不愿意去的。
10. 鼓励学生参加课堂讨论是现在教师的通常做法。
Section B
Directions: Translate the following short panagraph into Chinese.
One day, however, he was dismayed to find the book missing from its usual place and was about to leave when he noticed the owner of the shop beckoning to him. Expecting to be told off, he went towards him. To his surprise, the owner pointed to the book, which was tucked away in a corner. “I put it there in case anyone was tempted to buy it,” he said, and left the delighted student to continue his reading.
IV. Writing (25 points)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition of 200 words or so based on the following topic.
My View on Healthy Eating
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